“…This mixed-methods within-group study, in an attempt to begin to redress this gap, identified conceptualizations of positive parenting with a sample of low-income, urban-residing Black parents and translated those conceptualizations into a culturally- and contextually-rooted paper-and-pencil measure. A within-group approach allowed us to honor the reality that parents are social actors who are experts in their own experience and, as such, their voices and experiences must be given a preeminent place in social scientific investigations about their lives (Hitchcock, Nastasi et al, 2005; Johnson et al, 2003; Leong, Leung, & Cheung, 2010; Pillai, 2012). We used an iterative multistage process that included interviews, focus groups, and multiple validity checks in the development of the items of this measure.…”