Illusory Memories of Emotionally Charged Words in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Further Evidence for Atypical Emotion Processing Outside the Social Domain

Gaigg, Sebastian; Bowler, Dermot

doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0710-y

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This interpretation fits well with the behavioral memory data, showing slightly higher FAs and lower sensitivity in the ASD group also indicating a difficulty in distinguishing studied from new unstudied items. Further support comes from previous research showing higher K rates in R/K recognition tests Bowler et al, 2007] and more intrusion errors in free recall tests [e.g., Bowler, Gardiner, Grice, & Saavalainen, 2000;Bowler et al, 2008;Kamio & Toichi, 2007;Tager-Flusberg, 1991] and work on memory illusions [Gaigg & Bowler, 2009]. Taken together, these results suggest some level of confabulation in ASD, which may be related to a problem with metacognition in terms of response monitoring.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

A Physiological Marker of Recognition Memory in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder? ‐ The Pupil Old/New Effect

2019

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This study investigated the pupil Old/New effect in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and typical development (TD). Participants studied verbal and visual meaningful and meaningless materials in black and white on a computer screen. Pupil sizes were measured while participants performed a Remember (episodic memory with context)/Know (semantic memory, no context) recognition memory test. ASD compared to TD individuals showed significantly reduced recognition rates for all materials. Both groups showed better memory for visual compared to verbal (picture superiority effect) and meaningful compared to meaningless materials. A pupil size ratio (pupil size for test item divided by baseline) for old (studied) and new (unstudied) materials indicated larger pupils for old compared to new materials only for the TD but not the ASD group. Pupil size in response to old versus new items was positively related to recognition accuracy, confirming that the pupil Old/New effect reflects a memory phenomenon in the ASD group. In addition, this study suggests an involvement of the noradrenergic neurotransmitter system in the abnormal hippocampal functioning in ASD. Implications of these findings, as well as their underlying neurophysiology, will be discussed in relation to current theories of memory in ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 627–640. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Most measures of memory in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) depend on verbal answers. In addition to these verbal answers, this study measured the size of the participants' pupil in response to studied and unfamiliar materials revealing memory difficulties in ASD. Measuring pupil size works nonverbally, outside of conscious awareness and forms the basis of studies on less verbal persons with ASD. Mechanisms and brain regions underlying memory differences in ASD are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

A Physiological Marker of Recognition Memory in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder? ‐ The Pupil Old/New Effect

2019

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“…When further focusing on the intervention targets in verbal functions and in social perception or emotion processing and expression, multiple measures in both domains are needed. Atypicalities on behaviors closely related to both domains, including perception and production of prosody (see O’Connor 2012 for a review) and emotion processing on memory (Beversdorf et al 1998; Gaigg and Bowler 2008, 2009), should be focused on. Future investigations clarifying inconspicuous atypicalities or compensatory mechanisms in those domains will be useful in developing effective interventions for this population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotion Perception Mediates the Predictive Relationship Between Verbal Ability and Functional Outcome in High-Functioning Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Otsuka

Uono

Yoshimura

et al. 2017

J Autism Dev Disord

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The aim of this study was to identify specific cognitive abilities that predict functional outcome in high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and to clarify the contribution of those abilities and their relationships. In total, 41 adults with ASD performed cognitive tasks in a broad range of neuro- and social cognitive domains, and information concerning functional outcomes was obtained. Regression analyses revealed that emotion perception and verbal generativity predicted adaptive functioning directly, and the former mediated between the other two. These findings provide the first evidence of a triadic relationship among neuro- and social cognition and functional outcome in this population. Our results suggest that psychosocial interventions targeting these cognitive abilities could benefit social adaptation in adults with ASD.

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“…Neither Budson et al nor El Sharkawy et al included positive lists. Neither did two other similar studies by Pesta, Murphy, and Sanders (2001) and Gaigg and Bowler (2009), in which case false memory for negative, arousing lists was compared to false memory for neutral lists. Brainerd, Stein, Silveira, Rohenkohl, and Reyna (2008), however, controlled arousal while manipulating valence, and found that positive and negative valence affected memory differently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Emotionally negative pictures enhance gist memory.

Bookbinder¹,

Brainerd²

2017

Emotion

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In prior work on how true and false memory are influenced by emotion, valence and arousal have often been conflated. Thus, it is difficult to say which specific effects are due to valence and which are due to arousal. In the present research, we used a picture-memory paradigm that allowed emotional valence to be manipulated with arousal held constant. Negatively-valenced pictures elevated both true and false memory, relative to positive and neutral pictures. Conjoint recognition modeling revealed that negative valence (a) reduced erroneous suppression of true memories and (b) increased the familiarity of the semantic content of both true and false memories. Overall, negative valence impaired the verbatim side of episodic memory but enhanced the gist side, and these effects persisted even after a week-long delay.

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Illusory Memories of Emotionally Charged Words in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Further Evidence for Atypical Emotion Processing Outside the Social Domain

Abstract: This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link

Cited by 28 publications

References 36 publications

A Physiological Marker of Recognition Memory in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder? ‐ The Pupil Old/New Effect

A Physiological Marker of Recognition Memory in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder? ‐ The Pupil Old/New Effect

Emotion Perception Mediates the Predictive Relationship Between Verbal Ability and Functional Outcome in High-Functioning Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Emotionally negative pictures enhance gist memory.

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