Illumination and Temperature Dependence of Breakdown Mechanisms in Multi-crystalline Silicon Solar Cells

Fertig, Fabian; Willibald, Carolin; Geisemeyer, Ino; Schubert, Martin C.; Rein, Stefan

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2013.07.246

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It is discussed in more detail in the literature, e.g. [12] and references therein. The entire thermography measurement is performed in less than 70 ms, thus the total time required for IVmeasurements is increased by approximately 50 ms.…”

Section: Measurement Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-line Thermography for Reliable Hot Spot Detection and Process Control

Ramspeck¹,

Schenk²,

Duphorn³

et al. 2014

Energy Procedia

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Section: Measurement Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-line Thermography for Reliable Hot Spot Detection and Process Control

Ramspeck¹,

Schenk²,

Duphorn³

et al. 2014

Energy Procedia

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“…Under reverse bias operation, the leakage current distribution may not be uniform, and one of them may develop into a hot-spot [18,19]. The partial shading of a solar cell can result in higher temperatures in the illuminated portion of the cell compared to the shaded portion [20]. This is because the illuminated portion of the cell absorbs more light, leading to a higher operating temperature than for the shaded portion.…”

Section: Hot-spot Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of partial shading on the reliability of photovoltaic modules in the built-environment

Özkalay,

Valoti,

Caccivio

et al. 2024

EPJ Photovolt.

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Residential photovoltaic systems often experience partial shading from chimneys, trees or other structures, which can induce hot-spots in the modules. If the temperature and frequency of these hot-spots are high, the module's reliability and safety may be at risk. IEC 61215-2:2021 hot-spot endurance test is utilized to evaluate the materials' ability to withstand partial shading. Since modules in residential systems can be subjected to higher temperatures than those in the open field, IEC TS 63126:2020 recommends adjusting the module temperature for the hot-spot endurance test according to the module's operating temperature. This study tested the hot-spot endurance of PERC, IBC and HJT modules under standard (55 °C) and more severe (75 °C, Level 2 condition in IEC TS 63126:2020) test conditions, as well as outdoor accelerated-ageing tests were performed with shadow masks. The results demonstrated that irrespective of environmental conditions, hot-spots can form at lower temperatures, with more shading-tolerant cells (i.e., cells with lower breakdown voltage) or with shorter strings. We also show that it is possible to shorten the effort- and time-consuming hot-spot endurance test described in the standard and obtain similar results. In addition, the hot-spot endurance test for residential PV systems was evaluated in terms of module temperatures and duration. In this respect, we propose to increase the testing temperatures of the hot-spot endurance testing for modules operating at high temperatures in IEC TS 63126:2020.

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“…Furthermore, temperature dependence of V RB has also been reported. [81,82] Since the bandgap of semiconductor materials is related to temperature and doping concentration, it directly determines the withstand voltage and maximum operating temperature of the device, so we have reason to believe that temperature also plays an important role in the reverse bias behavior of PSCs. For instance, the tunneling voltages of Si and GaAs have negative temperature coefficients, while the avalanche V RB exhibit a positive relationship.…”

Section: Advances On Reverse Breakdown Mechanism Of Pscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perovskite Solar Cells in the Shadow: Understanding the Mechanism of Reverse‐Bias Behavior toward Suppressed Reverse‐Bias Breakdown and Reverse‐Bias Induced Degradation

Wang

Huang

Zhou

et al. 2023

Advanced Energy Materials

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to be connected in series to output larger voltage. Like any classical solar cell, when PSCs are connected in series for largearea modules and panels applications, special attention should be paid to the reverse bias electrical stress of the subcells, because excessive reverse bias due to shading effect (Figure 1a,b) is detrimental to the whole module. In the real environment, external factors such as trees, vegetation, dead leaves, wildlife, snow, and dark clouds will shade some units of the modules from the sun light, leading to the shading effect. For PSCs in modules, the shaded cells can be under reverse bias supplied by the other solar light irradiated cells, [2] as the photocurrent of the illuminated cells can flow to the shaded cells as a reverse current (Figure 1c,d), resulting in power dissipation and subcells thermal degradation that deteriorates the power output of the whole panel. [4][5][6] Joule heat generated in this process will even lead to the local irreversible thermal breakdown of the subcells in the shadow. [7][8][9] At present, however, the reverse bias stability issues of PSCs have not been systematically studied yet. Thus, investigating the phenomenon and mechanism of reverse bias behavior of PSCs, as well as the mechanism of reverse bias breakdown, with anticipating to improve the reverse stability of PSCs, is urgently necessary to promote the commercial application of PSCs.Generally, the overall performance of a solar module and panel depends on the beneficial performance of each individual subcell. Four essential parameters measuring the photovoltaic performance of a solar cell are PCE, FF, V oc , and J sc . In actual testing, these parameters are obtained under forward bias scan, which leads to more attention focusing on the forward bias portion of J-V curve than the reverse bias region. It is worth noting that the investigation of the reverse bias region of J-V curve is equally important, as the p-n junction characteristics of the PSCs is also reflected in their reverse bias behavior. [13][14][15][16][17][18] It has been reported that the reverse current density of classical solar cells (such as Si and CIGS) starts to increase abruptly when the reverse bias voltage is large In recent years, the power conversion efficiencies of halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have reached 25.7%. Further commercialization puts forward higher requirements for the stability of PSCs under different stresses. Current research on the stability of PSCs predominantly focuses on investigating the effects of temperature, humidity, oxygen, ultraviolet light, and electrical bias stress, while stability under reverse bias has been poorly studied among the many factors. When large-area application of PSCs panels occurs, the shading effect and local hot spots of PSCs modules in real scenarios all indicate that the research on reverse bias stability of PSCs is urgently needed. Within this review, a bird's-eye view of the recent advances on the reverse bias stability issue and reverse bias behavior of PSCs is obtai...

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Illumination and Temperature Dependence of Breakdown Mechanisms in Multi-crystalline Silicon Solar Cells

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

In-line Thermography for Reliable Hot Spot Detection and Process Control

In-line Thermography for Reliable Hot Spot Detection and Process Control

The effect of partial shading on the reliability of photovoltaic modules in the built-environment

Perovskite Solar Cells in the Shadow: Understanding the Mechanism of Reverse‐Bias Behavior toward Suppressed Reverse‐Bias Breakdown and Reverse‐Bias Induced Degradation

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