Illuminance, stomatal opening, and photosynthesis in sorghum and cotton

Pasternak, D.; Wilson, GL

doi:10.1071/ar9730527

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The F-values for the cultivar X measurement time interactions forCER and g. were all nonsignificant (P = 0.10). These results are similar to those of Pasternak and Wilson (1973), who reported the leaf gas exchange response to shade to be similar among four sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cultivars.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Intermittent Shade Effect on Gas Exchange of Cotton Leaves in the Humid Southeastern USA

1997

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Convective cumulus clouds intermittently shade growing plants on most days during the summer months in the southeastern USA. Previous research indicates a significant delay in the recovery of stomatal conductance (gs) of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaves following a period of shade. Our objective was to determine the effect of shade on leaf net CO2 exchange rate (CER) and gs of three cotton cultivars. We monitored CER and gs of greenhouse‐ and field‐grown cotton before, during, and after shading plants for up to 9 min at photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) levels of <300 μmol quanta m−2 s−1. The three cultivars had the same gas exchange response to shade. With the imposition of a 6‐min shade on greenhouse‐grown plants at 7 weeks after planting (WAP) gs of uppermost fully expanded leaves fell 43%. Two weeks later, a 6‐min shade reduced gs of uppermost fully expanded leaves by 97%. Under field conditions, a 9‐min shade reduced gs by 35% early in the cutout period (cessation of vegetative growth) in 1992 and 42% late in the cutout period in 1994. Under both greenhouse and field growing conditions, the low PAR levels with shade reduced CER to near 0 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1. Recovery of CER to preshade levels after the shade was removed coincided with the rate of recovery of gs. In the greenhouse‐grown plants, recovery of CER to preshade levels following 6 min of shade did not occur until 7 min (at 7 WAP) and 10 min (at 9 WAP) after the shade was removed. Field‐grown leaves needed only 4 min to recover to preshade levels of CER and g2 following 9 min of shade. The results suggest that, following a brief shade period, field‐grown cotton leaves reacclimate within 4 min, while leaves on greenhouse‐grown plants may take longer.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Intermittent Shade Effect on Gas Exchange of Cotton Leaves in the Humid Southeastern USA

1997

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“…An important and variable resistance is imposed by stomata. Decreases in net photosynthesis (Pn) caused by water stress or reduced light intensity have been shown to be accompanied by increased stomatal resistance (4,8,24,27). Differences in Pnamong genotypes have not usually been attributed to differences in stomatal number.…”

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confidence: 99%

Relationship of Net Photosynthesis to Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Leaf Characteristics in Selected Peanut (Arachis) Genotypes1

Bhagsari¹,

Brown²

1976

Peanut Science

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Five genotypes, including two cultivars of Arachis hypogaea L. and three wild species of Arachis, were tested for their photosynthetic capacity at atmospheric C02 concentrations and for photorespiration in C02-free air. Photosynthetic response to C02 concentrations in the range of 50 to 600 ppm was also tested. Diffusive resistance (DRH2o) of the adaxial surface of the five genotypes was measured with a diffusive resistance porometer. Several other leaf characteristics related to C02 exchange were measured.There was a linear increase in net photosynthesis (Pn) for four of the five genotypes as C02 concentration was increased from 50 to 600 ppm. The increase in Pn of an A. hypogaea genotype from Tanganyika appeared to be progressively less at CO2 concentrations near 600 ppm. The florunner cultivar of A. hppogaea had the highest Pn at C02 concentrations of 300 ppm and above; A. pintoi had the lowest. Photorespiration as measured by C02 evolution into C02free air averaged about 4 mg CO 2 dm -2 hr -1 and did not differ among genotypes. Dark respiration was higher in leaves of wild species than in the two genotypes of A. hypogaea.Diffusive resistance of A. hypogaea, A. pintoi and A. sp. (glabrata?) leaves remained constant from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. EST and then increased up to the last measurement at 10 p.m. The DRH20 of A. hypogaea and A. pintoi were similar during the daytime and ranged from 1.5 to 5.0 sec em -1 between 9 a.m. and 3 p.m, A. villosulicarpa and A. sp. (glabrata?) had higher DRH20 values during the same time period, ranging from 5 to 12 sec ern -1. At 10 p.m. DRH 20 of A. hypogaea was 84 sec em -1 compared to only about 20 sec em -1 for A. pintoi. Net photosynthesis of leaves of the five Arachis genotypes was not closely related to DR H20 nor leaf characteristics including chlorophyll content, stomatal frequency, leaf nitrogen content or specific leaf weight.

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“…Although stomatal conductance has often been proclaimed as the principal limitation to photosynthetic C02 assimilation (1,5,7,8,16), it is doubtful that stomatal conductance alone would be rate-limiting across all conditions. Previous demonstrations of nonstomatal factors limiting photosynthesis have often been associated with atypical environmental conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Definition of the order of limitations in the photosynthetic process is a prerequisite to genetically increasing the photosynthetic rate of crop species. Although stomatal conductance has often been proclaimed as the principal limitation to photosynthetic C02 assimilation (1,5,7,8,16) …”

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Photosynthetic Rate Control in Cotton

Hutmacher

Krieg²

1983

Plant Physiol.

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The relationship between single leaf photosynthesis and conductance was examined in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) across a range of environmental conditions. The purpose of this research was to separate and define the degree of stomatal and nonstomatal limitations in the photosynthetic process of field-grown cotton.Photosynthetic rates were related to leaf conductance of upper canopy leaves in a curvilinear manner. Increases in leaf conductance of CO2 in excess of 03 to OA mole per square meter per second did not result in significant increases in gross or net photosynthetic rates. No tight coupling between environmental influences on photosynthetic rates and those affecting conductance levels was evident, since photosynthesis per unit leaf conductance did not remain constant. Slowly developing water stress caused greater reductions in photosynthesis than in leaf conductance, indicating nonstomatal limitations of photosynthesis.Increases in external CO2 concentration to levels above ambient did not produce proportional increases in photosynthesis even though substomatal or intercellular CO2 concentration increased. The lack of a linear increase in photosynthetic rate in response to increases in leaf conductance and in response to increases in external CO2 concentration demonstrated that nonstomatal factors are major photosynthetic rate determinants of cotton under field conditions. Definition of the order of limitations in the photosynthetic process is a prerequisite to genetically increasing the photosynthetic rate of crop species. Although stomatal conductance has often been proclaimed as the principal limitation to photosynthetic C02 assimilation (1,5,7,8,16)

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Illuminance, stomatal opening, and photosynthesis in sorghum and cotton

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Intermittent Shade Effect on Gas Exchange of Cotton Leaves in the Humid Southeastern USA

Intermittent Shade Effect on Gas Exchange of Cotton Leaves in the Humid Southeastern USA

Relationship of Net Photosynthesis to Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Leaf Characteristics in Selected Peanut (Arachis) Genotypes1

Photosynthetic Rate Control in Cotton

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