Illumina sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region 16S rRNA gene reveals extensive changes in bacterial communities in the cecum following carbohydrate oral infusion and development of early-stage acute laminitis in the horse

Moreau, Michael M.; Eades, Susan C.; Reinemeyer, Craig R.; Fugaro, Michael N.; Onishi, Janet C.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.11.017

Cited by 55 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This could reflect an increase of gram negative bacteria as LPS is a constituent of their external membrane. Previous results had reported similarly that high-starch diet could be responsible for overgrowth of gram negative bacteria in the caecum (Moreau et al, 2014). Those authors found a particularly high increase of the relative abundance of Veillonella sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Faecal parameters as biomarkers of the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem under dietary change

Grimm

Philippeau

Julliand

2017

Animal

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Faeces could be used for evaluating the balance of the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem, which would offer a practical method for assessing gut health and how this relates to disease. However, previous studies concluded that faeces microbial ecosystem was not representative of the proximal hindgut (caecum and ventral colon). This study aimed to evaluate if variations of the faecal microbial ecosystem were similar to those observed in the proximal hindgut. Six horses, fistulated in the caecum and right ventral (RV) colon, were subjected to a gradual change of diet, from a 100% hay (high fibre) diet (2.2 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW) to a 57% hay + 43% barley (high starch) diet (0.8 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW hay and 0.6 DM kg/day per 100 kg BW barley). The two diets were iso-energetic and fed over a 3-week trial period. Samples of digesta from the caecum, RV colon and faeces were collected two times on the 10th and 20th day of the trial, for each diet to assess the microbial ecosystem parameters by both classical culture technics and biochemical methods. The variations observed in the caecal and colonic bacterial composition (increase in total anaerobic, amylolytic and lactate-utilizing and decrease in cellulolytic bacteria concentrations) and microbial activity (changes in volatile fatty acids concentrations and increase in lactate concentrations) demonstrated that the hay + barley diet caused changes in the hindgut microbial ecosystem. Similar variations were observed in the faecal microbial ecosystem. Feeding the hay + barley diet resulted in higher concentrations of faecal lipopolysaccharides. The functional bacterial group concentrations (cellulolytics, amylolytics and lactate utilizers) were significantly correlated between caecum and faeces and between colon and faeces. From analyses of the metabolites produced from microbial activity, only valerate concentration in the caecum and the proportion of propionate were significantly correlated with the same parameters in the faeces. Results of the principal component analysis performed between all the caecal/faecal and colonic/faecal parameters revealed that the total anaerobic and cellulolytic bacteria concentrations, as well as valerate, L-lactate and lipopolysaccharide concentrations were strongly correlated with several microbial parameters in the caecum ( P < 0.027; r > |0.45|) and in the colon ( P < 0.013; r > |0.50|). This demonstrated that faecal samples and their bacterial analyses could be used to represent caecum and RV colon hindgut microbial ecosystem in terms of variations during a change from a high-fibre to a high-starch diet, and thus could be markers of particular interest to diagnostic proximal hindgut microbial disturbances.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Faecal parameters as biomarkers of the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem under dietary change

Grimm

Philippeau

Julliand

2017

Animal

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“…The cecum has been easily overlooked because of its location at the posterior segment of the intestine. With the increasing understanding from systems biology and high-throughput sequencing technology, the cecum and its microbiota are receiving growing attention in terms of disease 33,34 and metabolism 35,36 . This study determined the microbial community composition and the predicted functions of the metagenome in the cecum, duodenum and feces and has thus provided comparative information for understanding the cecal microbiota.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut metagenomic analysis reveals prominent roles of Lactobacillus and cecal microbiota in chicken feed efficiency

Yan

Sun

Yuan

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

205

195

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Interactions between the host and gut microbiota can affect gut metabolism. In this study, the individual performances of 252 hens were recorded to evaluate feed efficiency. Hens with contrasting feed efficiencies (14 birds per group) were selected to investigate their duodenal, cecal and fecal microbial composition by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene V4 region. The results showed that the microbial community in the cecum was quite different from those in the duodenum and feces. The highest biodiversity and all differentially abundant taxa between the different efficiency groups were observed in the cecal microbial community with false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05. Of these differentially abundant cecal microbes, Lactobacillus accounted for a greater proportion than the others. The abundances of Lactobacillus and Akkermansia were significantly higher while that of Faecalibacterium was lower (FDR < 0.05) in the better feed efficiency (BFE) group. Phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) analysis revealed that the functions relating to glycometabolism and amino acid metabolism were enriched in the cecal microbiota of the BFE group. These results indicated the prominent role of cecal microbiota in the feed efficiency of chickens and suggested plausible uses of Lactobacillus to improve the feed efficiency of host.The gastrointestinal tract is the major site of food digestion and nutrient absorption. Cecum is the chief functional section in the distal intestine, and its importance in birds' metabolism has received increasing attention 1,2 . The cecum, which is full of microbial fermentations, plays important roles in preventing pathogen colonization, detoxifying harmful substances, recycling nitrogen and absorbing additional nutrients 3 . The digestibility and the ability to metabolize crude fiber or other nutrients are lower in birds with a cecectomy than in normal birds 4 . In addition, significant absorption of glucose was observed in the cecum 5 , and a higher ability to actively absorb sugars at low concentrations was found in the cecum compared with the jejunum 6 . Located at the beginning of the intestine, the duodenum is crucial for feed digestion and absorption; it has a lower pH than the hindgut and is the region that absorbs most glucose 7 and other nutrients within the small intestine 8,9 . Although the cecum and the duodenum themselves are important, interactions between the gut and commensal microbes may exert a significant influence on the function of the intestine. Previous studies showed that the digestion of uric acid, cellulose, starch and other resistant carbohydrates in the cecum was associated with the cecal microbial members 3,10,11 . In a recent study, numerous oligosaccharide-and polysaccharide-degrading enzyme-encoding genes and several pathways involved in the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were observed in the cecal metagenome of the chicken 12 . The SCFAs were produced mainly by microbial fermentation in the hindgut and could be a...

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“…Extracted DNA was concentrated by bead purification using 1.8Â volume RNA Clean XP beads (Beckman Coulter) and re-eluted in 60 µl of 10 mM TE buffer, pH 8.5. PCR assays were performed to verify the presence of bacterial DNA in the extracts using 'all bacteria' primers as described previously [17].…”

Section: Preparation Of Intestinal Contentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the HF-fed mice, an average value of the percentage of total reads was determined and compared to the corresponding value from the LF-fed mice. Average values with differences of !twofold were analysed for statistical significance using Student's ttest [17].…”

Section: Analysis Of Taxa Output Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial communities in the small intestine respond differently to those in the caecum and colon in mice fed low- and high-fat diets

Onishi

Campbell

Moreau³

et al. 2017

Microbiology

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Bacterial communities in the mouse caecum and faeces are known to be altered by changes in dietary fat. The microbiota of the mouse small intestine, by contrast, has not been extensively profiled and it is unclear whether small intestinal bacterial communities shift with dietary fat levels. We compared the microbiota in the small intestine, caecum and colon in mice fed a low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diet using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The relative abundance of major phyla in the small intestine, Bacteriodetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, was similar to that in the caecum and colon; the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia was significantly reduced in the small intestine compared to the large intestine. Several genera were uniquely detected in the small intestine and included the aerotolerant anaerobe, Lactobacillus spp. The most abundant genera in the small intestine were accounted for by anaerobic bacteria and were identical to those identified in the large intestine. An HF diet was associated with significant weight gain and adiposity and with changes in the bacterial communities throughout the intestine, with changes in the small intestine differing from those in the caecum and colon. Prominent Gram-negative bacteria including genera of the phylum Bacteroidetes and a genus of Proteobacteria significantly changed in the large intestine. The mechanistic links between these changes and the development of obesity, perhaps involving metabolic endotoxemia, remain to be determined.

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Illumina sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region 16S rRNA gene reveals extensive changes in bacterial communities in the cecum following carbohydrate oral infusion and development of early-stage acute laminitis in the horse

Cited by 55 publications

References 18 publications

Faecal parameters as biomarkers of the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem under dietary change

Faecal parameters as biomarkers of the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem under dietary change

Gut metagenomic analysis reveals prominent roles of Lactobacillus and cecal microbiota in chicken feed efficiency

Bacterial communities in the small intestine respond differently to those in the caecum and colon in mice fed low- and high-fat diets

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