Illness, Injuries, and Deaths from Pesticide Exposures in California 1949–1988

Maddy, K. T.; Edmiston, Susan; Richmond, Donald R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3368-8_3

Cited by 35 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…It includes data from all but one of the eight states with a pesticide poisoning surveillance program (Washington State was not included because their program used a different case definition and variables during the years summarized in this article). Although previous reports have described findings for a single state [Maddy et al, 1990;Mehler et al, 1992;Schnitzer and Shannon, 1999;Das et al, 2001a], this is the first report on acute occupational pesticide-related illness incidence across multiple states. Each of the participating states obtains case reports from many different sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Acute occupational pesticide‐related illness in the US, 1998–1999: Surveillance findings from the SENSOR‐pesticides program

Calvert

Plate

Das

et al. 2003

American J Industrial Med

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Acute occupational pesticide‐related illness in the US, 1998–1999: Surveillance findings from the SENSOR‐pesticides program

Calvert

Plate

Das

et al. 2003

American J Industrial Med

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“…Use of PD in the 1950s through 1970s was instrumental in producing a significant reduction in acute pesticide illness in both handlers and reentry workers (Maddy et al, 1990) based on rudimentary knowledge of routes of exposure and particular regions of the body that tended to be the most highly exposed (e.g., hands). Beginning in the 1980s, the quantitative risk assessment paradigm adopted by regulators required not just preventing acute illness, but also proving quantitatively that exposures would not approach the toxicological no-effect level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative evaluation of absorbed dose estimates derived from passive dosimetry measurements to those derived from biological monitoring: Validation of exposure monitoring methodologies

Ross

Chester²,

Driver³

et al. 2007

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Passive dosimetry (PD) methods for measuring and estimating exposure to agricultural workers (i.e., persons handling agricultural chemicals and working in treated crops) have been in use since the 1950s. A large number of studies were conducted in the 1950s through 1970s to characterize exposure. Since the 1980s quantitative dermal PD methods are used in conjunction with inhalation PD methods to measure whole-body exposure. These exposure or absorbed dose estimates are then compared to ''no effect'' exposure levels for hazards identified in toxicology studies, and have become the standard for risk assessment for regulatory agencies. The PD methods used have never been validated. Validation in the context of human exposure monitoring methods means that a method has been shown to measure accurately a delivered dose in humans. The most practical alternative to isolating parts of the body for validating recovery methods is to utilize field exposure studies in which concurrent or consecutive measurements of exposure and absorbed dose have been made with PD and biomonitoring in the same cohorts of individuals. This ensures that a direct comparison can be made between the two estimates of absorbed dose, one derived from PD and the other from biomonitoring. There are several studies available (published and proprietary) employing both of these approaches. Reports involving 14 concurrent or consecutive PD-biomonitoring studies were quantitatively evaluated with 18 different methods of application or reentry scenarios for eight different active ingredients for which measured human kinetics and dermal absorption data existed. This evaluation demonstrated that the total absorbed dose estimated using PD for important handler and reentry scenarios is generally similar to the measurements for those same scenarios made using human urinary biomonitoring methods. The statistical analysis of individual worker PD:biomonitoring ratios showed them to be significantly correlated in these studies. The PD techniques currently employed yield a reproducible, standard methodology that is valid and reliably quantifies exposure.

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“…The acute health eVects of pesticides in humans are well documented, and possibly underreported under current surveillance systems; chronic health eVects are currently being investigated. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] The most obvious groups in which to study the chronic eVects of pesticides in humans are those occupational groups who apply pesticides in high doses as part of their daily activities. Genotoxicity studies and some recent epidemiological studies in the occupationally exposed populations point to the real possibility of carcinogenic health eVects in humans exposed to pesticides.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality in a cohort of licensed pesticide applicators in Florida.

Fleming¹,

Bean

Rudolph

et al. 1999

Occup Environ Med

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Objectives-Although the primary hazard to humans associated with pesticide exposure is acute poisoning, there has been considerable concern surrounding the possibility of cancer and other chronic health eVects in humans. Given the huge volume of pesticides now used throughout the world, as well as environmental and food residue contamination leading to chronic low level exposure, the study of possible chronic human health eVects is important. Results-The pesticide applicators were consistently and significantly healthier than the general population of Florida. As with many occupational cohorts, the risks of cardiovascular disease and of diseases associated with alcohol and tobacco use were significantly lower, even in the subpopulations-for example, men, women, and licence subcategories. Among male applicators, prostate cancer mortality (SMR 2.38 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.83 to 3.04)) was significantly increased. No cases of soft tissue sarcoma were confirmed in this cohort, and nonHodgkin's lymphoma was not increased. The number of female applicators was small, as were the numbers of deaths. Mortality from cervical cancer and breast cancer was not increased. Additional subcohort and exposure analyses were performed. Conclusions-Consistent with previous publications on farmers but at odds with current theories about the protective eVects of vitamin D, prostate cancer was increased in these pesticide applicators. Female breast cancer was not increased despite theories linking risk of breast cancer with exposure to oestrogen disruptors-such as the organochlorines. The lack of cases of soft tissue sarcoma is at odds with previous publications associating the use of the phenoxy herbicides with an increased risk of these cancers. (Occup Environ Med 1999;56:14-21) Methods-This

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Illness, Injuries, and Deaths from Pesticide Exposures in California 1949–1988

Cited by 35 publications

References 4 publications

Acute occupational pesticide‐related illness in the US, 1998–1999: Surveillance findings from the SENSOR‐pesticides program

Acute occupational pesticide‐related illness in the US, 1998–1999: Surveillance findings from the SENSOR‐pesticides program

Comparative evaluation of absorbed dose estimates derived from passive dosimetry measurements to those derived from biological monitoring: Validation of exposure monitoring methodologies

Mortality in a cohort of licensed pesticide applicators in Florida.

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