Illness-induced taste aversion under states of deprivation and satiation

Peck, Jack H.; Ader, Robert

doi:10.3758/bf03199107

Cited by 45 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Experiment 3. This was an exact replication of the procedure reported by Peck and Ader (1974), except in the minor differences indicated and, of course, in unavoidable differences in laboratory conditions and equipment. One difference was that while Peck and Ader kept their rats on a 12-h light-dark cycle, our rats were maintained on continuous light.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 59%

“…A finding by Peck and Ader (1974) seemed to show that internal stimulus states are easily capable of taking on the important role in the learned regulation of food intake postulated by Revusky and Garcia (1970). Peck and Ader reported that significant learned aversions to saccharin solution were obtained only if training and testing occurred under the same deprivation conditions.…”

Section: Experiments 1-4mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In each case, about 5 drops of .6070 (w/v) of sodium saccharin solution were placed on the tongue of each rat in the way described by Peck and Ader (1974). Just after this, two of the groups that were subjected to each training deprivation (0 h or 24 h) were injected intraperitoneally with 15 mg of LiCI in .75 ml of a 2.0070 wIv solution, two groups were injected with 30 mg of LiCI in a 2070 solution, and two groups were injected with 1.5 ml of normal saline.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the first two experiments, two different doses of lithium chloride toxin were used, so Factor A had three levels. In Experiment 3, one dose of cyclophosphamide toxin was used in a nearly exact replication of the experiment by Peck and Ader (1974). Experiment 4 was a replication of 0090-4996/80/040543-07$00.95/0 Experiment 3, except that rats were subjected to two poisonings during training instead of a single poisoning as in Experiments 1-3.…”

Section: Experiments 1-4mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flavor aversions and deprivation state

Revusky

Pohl

Coombes

1980

Animal Learning & Behavior

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In the first four experiments, it was found that aversions to saccharin solution produced by contingent poisoning were similar regardless of whether the rats had been trained under the test deprivation or under a different deprivation; the two deprivation states used were thirst and satiety. In Experiment 5, rats were poisoned after drinking grape juice while hungry or poisoned after drinking milk while thirsty, but they were not poisoned after grape-thirst or milk-hunger combinations. In abstract terms, poisoning occurred after AX and BY stimulus combinations. but did not occur after AY and BX combinations. There was some learning under these discrimination conditions. 543

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Experiments 1-4mentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experiments 1-4mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flavor aversions and deprivation state

Revusky

Pohl

Coombes

1980

Animal Learning & Behavior

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“…The foregoing finding is reminiscent of the so-called state-dependent retention, an effect commonly observed with drug-induced states (25) but also induced nonpharmacologically (26,27). On an interpretative level, it appears that the retention of the habituated response depends on the congruence between the internal state of the crab at the time of training and testing, a notion consistent with Spear's view of memory retrieval (28,29).…”

Section: Chasmagnathus Learns the Phase Of The Day When Lth Is Acquiredmentioning

confidence: 93%

Long-term habituation (LTH) in the crab Chasmagnathus: a model for behavioral and mechanistic studies of memory

Maldonado¹,

Romano²,

Tomsic³

1997

Braz J Med Biol Res

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A decade of studies on long-term habituation (LTH) in the crab Chasmagnathus is reviewed. Upon sudden presentation of a passing object overhead, the crab reacts with an escape response that habituates promptly and for at least five days. LTH proved to be an instance of associative memory and showed context, stimulus frequency and circadian phase specificity. A strong training protocol (STP) (≥15 trials, intertrial interval (ITI) of 171 s) invariably yielded LTH, while a weak training protocol (WTP) (≤10 trials, ITI = 171 s) invariably failed. STP was used with a presumably amnestic agent and WTP with a presumably hypermnestic agent. Remarkably, systemic administration of low doses was effective, which is likely to be due to the lack of an endothelial blood-brain barrier. LTH was blocked by inhibitors of protein and RNA synthesis, enhanced by protein kinase A (PKA) activators and reduced by PKA inhibitors, facilitated by angiotensin II and IV and disrupted by saralasin. The presence of angiotensins and related compounds in the crab brain was demonstrated. Diverse results suggest that LTH includes two components: an initial memory produced by spaced training and mainly expressed at an initial phase of testing, and a retraining memory produced by massed training and expressed at a later phase of testing (retraining). The initial memory would be associative, context specific and sensitive to cycloheximide, while the retraining memory would be nonassociative, context independent and insensitive to cycloheximide. Key wordsSimple and basic models to study memory Simple-system approaches using invertebrate species have led to considerable progress in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying learning and memory (e.g., the mollusks Aplysia (1,2) and Hermissenda (3,4), the fruit fly Drosophila (5), and the honey bee Apis (6)). A virtue usually attributed to invertebrates is that they are simple models though the use of this term has been highly controversial. Indeed, the CNS of invertebrates cannot be considered simple from the perspective of a neural network researcher since the amount of neurons involved in a current mnemonic process is assumed to be far larger than that required to obtain a satis-

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Age‐dependent differences in morphine‐induced taste aversions

Hurwitz¹,

Riley²

2012

Developmental Psychobiology

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Adolescence is a developmental period of particular importance given the host of neurobiological changes that occur during this stage of development. Drug use and abuse is said to be a function of the balance of its rewarding and aversive effects, and any age-dependent differences in morphine's aversive effects could impact drug intake. The present experiments examined the ability of morphine sulfate (0, 3.2, 10, and 18 mg/kg) to induce taste aversions in adolescent and adult rats under high (20-min fluid access each day; Experiment 1A/B) and low (50% of ad libitum access; Experiment 2A/B) deprivation conditions. In both studies, adolescent and adult rats were given a novel saccharin solution to drink and were subsequently injected with morphine. Independent of the deprivation condition, adults acquired stronger aversions than adolescents and did so at a faster rate. On a subsequent two-bottle aversion test, all morphine-injected subjects drank a significantly lower percentage of saccharin than vehicle-injected controls with adults exhibiting stronger aversions than adolescents. These age-dependent differences in morphine-induced CTAs extend the findings with other drugs of abuse for which adolescents exhibit weaker aversions. The possible basis for and implications of these differences were discussed.

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Illness-induced taste aversion under states of deprivation and satiation

Cited by 45 publications

References 15 publications

Flavor aversions and deprivation state

Flavor aversions and deprivation state

Long-term habituation (LTH) in the crab Chasmagnathus: a model for behavioral and mechanistic studies of memory

Age‐dependent differences in morphine‐induced taste aversions

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