Illness in Man Following Inhalation of Serratia Marcescens

Paine, Thomas F.

doi:10.1093/infdis/79.3.226

Cited by 37 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Exposure to endotoxins [defined as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and other cell wall fragments of gram-negative bacteria] or to pure LPS causes symptoms such as headache, fever, fatigue and malaise, and leads to airway inflammation and increased bronchial responsiveness to methacholine in healthy previously unexposed subjects [12,20,23]. The role of the upper airways in modifying incoming air and removing large particles has been well known for many years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipopolysaccharide-induced nasal cytokine response: a dose–response evaluation

Danuser¹,

Rebsamen²,

Weber³

et al. 2000

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology

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Information on the dose-response relationship is a prerequisite to defining the non-response threshold of exposure. We investigated whether nasal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenges induce an inflammatory response in a dose-dependent way. In three settings nasal lavage was performed before, and 20 min, 1, 6, 23, and 29 h after instillation of 0 microg, 10 microg, and 40 microg LPS for 10 s, in seven healthy subjects. Lavage fluids were analysed for concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), histamine, and albumin. Symptoms were recorded by questionnaire and spirometric lung function was assessed after each lavage. The instillation of 40 microg LPS caused a small increase in nasal symptoms. TNF-alpha was below the detection limit (0.5 pg/ml) in most subjects and, like IL-8 and albumin, showed no relation to the LPS challenge. IL-6 increased over twofold with 10 microg LPS and over 13-fold with 40 microg LPS, with a peak at 6 h after LPS provocation, and the repeated design ANOVA was significant for dose and for time. Six hours after the 40 microg LPS challenge the histamine level significantly increased compared to the saline treatment. We conclude that short-lasting instillation of LPS causes a dose-dependent IL-6 release in the upper airways and minor nasal symptoms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipopolysaccharide-induced nasal cytokine response: a dose–response evaluation

Danuser¹,

Rebsamen²,

Weber³

et al. 2000

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology

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“…During the following five months, a total of 11 patients were diagnosed, showing an unusual increase of cases ( rapid spread : 1 points). As a disease uncommonly seen in the past, this epidemic showed higher epidemic intensity (2 points) in comparison with around six cases reported within 30 years as of 1950 (Aitoff et al., ; Aronson & Alderman, ; Black & Shahan, ; Paine, ; Schattenberg & Harris, ). The population impacted was local residents of San Francisco, including nine males and two females, aged from 29 to 78 years.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…The occurrence of human infections is relatively rare. We found six isolated case reports from literature by the mid 1950s, including meningitis (Aronson & Alderman, ), pneumonia (Aitoff, Dion, & Dobkevitch, ), skin disease (Black & Shahan, ), wound infection (Black & Shahan, ; Schattenberg & Harris, ), and inhalational disease (Paine, ), with two deaths.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recalibration of the Grunow–Finke Assessment Tool to Improve Performance in Detecting Unnatural Epidemics

2018

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Successful identification of unnatural epidemics relies on a sensitive risk assessment tool designed for the differentiation between unnatural and natural epidemics. The Grunow–Finke tool (GFT), which has been the most widely used, however, has low sensitivity in such differentiation. We aimed to recalibrate the GFT and improve the performance in detection of unnatural epidemics. The comparator was the original GFT and its application in 11 historical outbreaks, including eight confirmed unnatural outbreaks and three natural outbreaks. Three steps were involved: (i) removing criteria, (ii) changing weighting factors, and (iii) adding and refining criteria. We created a series of alternative models to examine the changes on the parameter likelihood of unnatural outbreaks until we found a model that correctly identified all the unnatural outbreaks and natural ones. Finally, the recalibrated GFT was tested and validated with data from an unnatural and natural outbreak, respectively. A total of 238 models were tested. Through the removal of criteria, increasing or decreasing weighting factors of other criteria, adding a new criterion titled “special insights,” and setting a new threshold for likelihood, we increased the sensitivity of the GFT from 38% to 100%, and retained the specificity at 100% in detecting unnatural epidemics. Using test data from an unnatural and a natural outbreak, the recalibrated GFT correctly classified their etiology. The recalibrated GFT could be integrated into routine outbreak investigation by public health institutions and agencies responsible for biosecurity.

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“…The experiments using the slit sampler well demonstrates the high bacterial content of the air in an incubator fitted with a similar humidifying apparatus. If the water used is contaminated the patient is continuously exposed to the large dose of bacteria necessary to induce an infection with these bacteria of low virulence [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achromobacter Septicemia in a Premature Clinical and Bacteriological Aspects

1966

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Summary A case of Achromobacter septicemia in a premature is described. This normally non pathogenic organism probably infected the infant through an aerosol from an infected humidifier. Bacteriological sampling shows that such an aerosol can be heavily contaminated. Disinfection of the humidifier is shown to be an effective preventive measure. However, the water containers of most incubators are quite difficult to disinfect effectively.

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Illness in Man Following Inhalation of Serratia Marcescens

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Lipopolysaccharide-induced nasal cytokine response: a dose–response evaluation

Lipopolysaccharide-induced nasal cytokine response: a dose–response evaluation

Recalibration of the Grunow–Finke Assessment Tool to Improve Performance in Detecting Unnatural Epidemics

Achromobacter Septicemia in a Premature Clinical and Bacteriological Aspects

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