Illness Among Paralympic Athletes

Rensburg, Dina Christina Janse van; Schwellnus, Martin; Derman, Wayne; Webborn, Nick

doi:10.1016/j.pmr.2018.01.003

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…The decrease in exercise performance after an URTI can last 2–4 days, and runners who unwisely start an endurance race with systemic URTI symptoms are 2–3 times less likely to complete the race 65, 92 , 93 . Paralympic athletes have unique preexisting medical conditions that predispose them to an increased risk of illness, and the incidence rate of illness is high in the Summer (10.0–13.2 episodes per 1000 athlete-days) and Winter (18.7 episodes per 1000 athlete-days) Paralympic Games 94 …”

Section: Acute and Chronic Effects Of Exercise On The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The compelling link between physical activity and the body's defense system

Nieman

Wentz

2019

Journal of Sport and Health Science

900

955

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Highlights Acute exercise is an immune system adjuvant that improves defense activity and metabolic health. Data support a clear inverse relationship between moderate exercise training and illness risk. Exercise training has an anti-inflammatory influence mediated through multiple pathways. Illness risk is increased in athletes during periods of intensified training and competition. Increased carbohydrate and polyphenol intake is an effective nutritional strategy for immune support. Habitual exercise improves immune regulation, delaying the onset of age-related dysfunction. Advances in mass spectrometry technology will provide new insights on exercise–immune responses.

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Section: Acute and Chronic Effects Of Exercise On The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The compelling link between physical activity and the body's defense system

Nieman

Wentz

2019

Journal of Sport and Health Science

900

955

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The high incidence of internal symptoms coincided with previous reports regarding the Paralympic Games. 11,27) Previous reports regarding the Beijing 2008 and the London 2012 Paralympic teams of Japan reported that about 40%-50% of cases treated by team staff involved internal symptoms (respiratory, digestive, neurologic, urologic, or dermatologic symptoms). 28,29) Derman et al also reported that the incidence was similar between injury and illness at the London 2012 Paralympic Games.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3) Long-distance travel and jet lag resulting in fatigue and difference in climates leading to the diverse prevalence of infection as well as stress and mental health problems are suggested causes. 9,11,30,31) The impact of the competition after travel for beginners should be continuously investigated. Guidelines for Paralympic athletes advise them to wear face masks, practice proper hand hygiene, and receive vaccinations to prevent communicable diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8) The guidelines for Paralympic athletes recommend preventive behaviors against infections (e.g., minimizing contact with people, avoiding coughing in the face of others, and hand hygiene), preparation for travel issues (climate, jet lag, fatigue, and deep venous thrombosis), and training and competition load management. 11) However, few athletes practice these preventive strategies. 12) There are very few studies covering the range of athletic abilities from beginner to sub-elite levels.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Injuries and Illnesses Observed in Athletes from Beginner to Elite Levels at the 18th National Sports Festival for Persons with Disabilities in Japan

Yamaguchi

Kubota

Naruse

et al. 2021

PRM

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Objectives : This study aimed to describe the injuries and illnesses that occurred at the 18th National Sports Festival for Persons with Disabilities in Japan, which was attended by more than 3000 athletes from beginner to elite levels. Methods : Records from medical stations set up at the venues for each sport were reviewed. The incidence rates (IRs) were calculated as the number of medical station visits per 1000 athlete-days. The backgrounds of injuries and illnesses were investigated. Results : In total, 3277 athletes attended the festival, and 134 eligible medical station visits were analyzed. Overall, 102 athletes complained of injuries. For the whole schedule of the festival, IRs were 15.5 for injuries and illnesses and 11.8 for injuries alone. For injuries and illnesses, high IRs were seen in soccer (39.8), basketball (25.6), and foot baseball (22.4); for injuries alone, high IRs were also seen in soccer (33.6), basketball (25.6), and foot baseball (16.8). The most frequent symptoms were internal symptoms (n=32), contusions (n=30), and wounds (n=24). Joint sprains occurred in various sports, whereas muscle strains happened mainly in disciplines demanding sprinting or high agility. Of the 55 cases that occurred during events or public rehearsals, 45 were traumatic, whereas the relation to sports activities was not described in 51 cases. Of participants with internal symptoms, 11 were suggested to have viral infections. We identified 21 injuries caused by falls. Conclusions : Minor trauma and viral infection were the most frequently observed symptoms among injuries and illnesses, respectively. Structured medical records and organized surveillance systems should be utilized to improve data collection and understand the onset of injury and illness.

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“…Paralympic athletes suffered almost double the amount of URTS than able bodied athletes during previous London and Rio Summer Games (Paralympics: 12–14% vs. Able-bodied: 5–7%) (Derman et al, 2013, 2017; Engebretsen et al, 2013; Soligard et al, 2017). It is difficult to ascertain why Paralympic athletes are at a heightened risk for illness, as research on Paralympic sport is limited compared to investigations of able-bodied athletes (Van Rensburg et al, 2018). Illness risk will differ between Paralympic athletes based on their disability type.…”

Section: Competition Phase Of the Summer Gamesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Keeping Athletes Healthy at the 2020 Tokyo Summer Games: Considerations and Illness Prevention Strategies

et al. 2019

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Keeping athletes healthy will be important for optimal athletic performance at the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games. Athletes will be exposed to several stressors during the preparatory and competition phases of the Summer Games that have the potential to depress immunity and increase illness risk. This mini-review provides an overview on effective and practical stressor-specific illness prevention strategies that can be implemented to maintain and protect the health of Olympic and Paralympic athletes.

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Illness Among Paralympic Athletes

Cited by 26 publications

References 28 publications

The compelling link between physical activity and the body's defense system

The compelling link between physical activity and the body's defense system

Injuries and Illnesses Observed in Athletes from Beginner to Elite Levels at the 18th National Sports Festival for Persons with Disabilities in Japan

Keeping Athletes Healthy at the 2020 Tokyo Summer Games: Considerations and Illness Prevention Strategies

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