Illicit drugs as new environmental pollutants: Cyto-genotoxic effects of cocaine on the biological model Dreissena polymorpha

Binelli, Andrea; Pedriali, Alessandra; Riva, Consuelo; Parolini, Marco

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.10.056

Cited by 70 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In 2005 they identified the presence of cocaine in the Po river at the concentration of 1.2 ng/dm 3 and raw and treated wastewater at the concentration of 120 ng/dm 3 and 42 ng/dm 3 , respectively [85,86]. Other studies confirmed the presence of narcotics in Italy, United States of America, Spain, Ireland and Belgium [87][88][89]. Some compounds like codeine, cocaine or morphine are both medical and intoxicating drugs.…”

Section: Presence Of Narcotics In Surface Ground and Drinking Watermentioning

confidence: 69%

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Fate and Removal of Pharmaceuticals and Illegal Drugs Present in Drinking Water and Wastewater

Szymonik

Lach

Malińska

2017

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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Rapid development of pharmaceutical industry, and thus widespread availability of different types of therapeutical and increased intake of pharmaceuticals, results in elevated concentrations of pharmaceuticals in municipal wastewater subjected to treatment in wastewater treatment plants. Pharmaceuticals present in raw wastewater discharged from hospitals, households, veterinary and health care clinics eventually end up in wastewater treatment plants. Commonly applied methods for treating wastewater do not allow complete removal of these contaminants. As a consequence, pharmaceuticals still present in treated wastewater are introduced to water environment. The most frequently identified pharmaceuticals in surface water belong to the following groups: non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs, beta-blockers, estrogens and lipid regulators. The most difficult is removal of diclofenac, clofibric acid and carbamazepine as these substances show low biodegradability. Diclofenac can be removed in the process of wastewater treatment by 40%, carbamazepine by 10%, and clofibric acid from 26 to 50%. The presence of diclofenac sodium in the rivers in Poland was confirmed and the concentrations were following: 380 ng/dm 3 (the Warta river), 470 ng/dm 3 (the Odra river), 140 ng/dm 3 (the Vistula river). Naproxene was found in the Warta river at the concentration of 100 ng/dm 3 . The presence of pharmaceuticals in surface water can be toxic to aqueous microorganisms and fish. Recent studies confirmed also the presence of pharmaceuticals in drinking water. This is considered as a problem especially in urban agglomerations such as Berlin or large cities in Spain and China. The studies showed that pharmaceuticals were also identified in the samples taken from the Polish rivers and drinking water. The presence of naproxene and diclofenac at the concentrations of 13 and 4 ng/dm 3 was identified in drinking water sampled from water intakes in Poznan. Surface water and drinking water showed also the presence of illegal drugs.

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Section: Presence Of Narcotics In Surface Ground and Drinking Watermentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Recent studies confirmed that cocaine present in aquatic environment is also toxic to aquatic organisms. Tests conducted on D. polymorpha showed that cocaine causes damages of cell DNA, an increase in apoptosis of cells and reduction in stability of lysosome membrane [88].…”

Section: Ecotoxicity Of Pharmaceuticalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate and Removal of Pharmaceuticals and Illegal Drugs Present in Drinking Water and Wastewater

Szymonik

Lach

Malińska

2017

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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“…Our previous studies showed that single exposure to COC (Binelli et al, 2012), BE (Parolini et al, 2013), AMPH (Parolini et al, 2016) and MOR induced significant (p o0.05) increase of genetic damage in zebra mussel hemocytes only at concentrations higher than those found in surface waters worldwide. These findings suggest that the current environmental levels of each illicit drug do not seem genotoxic for our model species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Our first studies showed than environmentally relevant concentrations of the main illicit drugs found in surface water worldwide, namely cocaine (COC), benzoylecgonine (BE), amphetamine (AMPH), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and morphine (MOR), were able to imbalance the activity of defense enzymes in the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha), which represents an excellent biological model in ecotoxicological studies . However, neither significant primary nor fixed genetic damage was induced on hemocytes of the zebra mussel at low environmental concentrations (Binelli et al, 2012;Parolini et al, 2014;Magni et al, 2014), with the exception of BE, one of the main COC metabolite (Parolini et al, 2013). In addition, we first pointed out that the exposure to a mixture of the same illicit drugs, administered at realistic environmental concentrations, imbalanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes and caused an increase of protein carbonyl levels in zebra mussel homogenates at greater extent with respect to the same drugs administered singularly .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Genotoxic effects induced by the exposure to an environmental mixture of illicit drugs to the zebra mussel

Parolini

Magni

Castiglioni

et al. 2016

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…The development and utilization of nuclear energy have brought great economic benefits and social benefits to human beings. However, such nuclear waste from the nuclear industry pose a considerable biological hazard on human beings, and produce a threat to environmental safety at the same time [4,5]. Thus, safe disposal of these nuclear waste, especial for radioactive nuclides (Uranium, Plutonium, Americium and Thorium), has become more and more important in nuclear industry [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density and hardness of Nd-doped zircon ceramics as nuclear waste forms

Yuan

Wang

et al. 2017

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Abstract. Zircon ceramics were employed as host material for immobilization of element Nd, which was used as the surrogate of trivalent actinide nuclide. A series of Zr 2-x Nd x Si 2 O 8-0.5x compounds were prepared by solid-state reaction method at 1500 ℃ for 72 h in air and investigated in respect of their physics performances. These performances were characterized by density and hardness. The results show that the density raises as the value of x increases from 0.02 to 0.20. Moreover, the hardness of the Nd-doped ceramic also increase with enhanced Nd content.

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Illicit drugs as new environmental pollutants: Cyto-genotoxic effects of cocaine on the biological model Dreissena polymorpha

Cited by 70 publications

References 43 publications

Fate and Removal of Pharmaceuticals and Illegal Drugs Present in Drinking Water and Wastewater

Fate and Removal of Pharmaceuticals and Illegal Drugs Present in Drinking Water and Wastewater

Genotoxic effects induced by the exposure to an environmental mixture of illicit drugs to the zebra mussel

Density and hardness of Nd-doped zircon ceramics as nuclear waste forms

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