Ilkhanid Buddhism: Traces of a Passage in Eurasian History

Prazniak, Roxann

doi:10.1017/s0010417514000280

Cited by 27 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Burgan (2009) explained that when Ghazan was a king, many Mongols converted to Islam. Furthermore, Prazniak (2014) showed that Ghazan started his authority with a wave of persecution against Christians and Buddhists, although he later stopped the forced conversion. Some Mongols also gave up their nomadic lifestyle and started marrying the locals, especially the Turks.…”

Section: Findings and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practice of Power in Ilkhanate: Analysis of Intercultural Communication and Social Exchange

Apipudin

2023

CMES

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<p><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Ilkhanate was a Mongol empire located in Persia. There were cultural changes and different forms of practice in exercising government power. However, despite the significance of understanding the practice of power in the Ilkhanate through the lens of communication theories, there is a research gap in exploring the specific dynamics of intercultural communication and social exchange theory within this context. Therefore, this study aims to fill this research gap by examining the interplay between power and communication in the Ilkhanate, mainly through the principles of intercultural communication and social exchange theory. The methodology employed in this research is a comprehensive literature study. The findings of this article highlight the inseparability of communication and power, emphasizing the role of intercultural communication in facilitating harmonious relations between diverse nations, including considerations of race, religion, and customs. Additionally, the rulers of the Ilkhanate strategically employed communication and adapted their policies to gain support from local communities, such as Persians and Arabs, particularly by catering to the Muslim population. This research contributes to understanding power practices and strategies in the Ilkhanate by elucidating their alignment with intercultural communication and social exchange theories.</span></p>

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Section: Findings and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practice of Power in Ilkhanate: Analysis of Intercultural Communication and Social Exchange

Apipudin

2023

CMES

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“…But if it still did, notwithstanding the fact that bandaqi was not necessarily a rock-cut architecture, we are permitted to believe it did not, because of probabilities referring bandaqi to any brick-based construction in the historic fabric of the Sultaniyya plateau. Moreover, Rashīd al-Dīn's description could only point to a focus on the population in the Ilkhanid Capital, Sultaniyya, where the Buddhist community exists (Prazniak 2014).…”

Section: Why Dash Kasan Cannot Be a Buddhist Monasterymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dash Kasan; an imperial architecture in the Mongol capital of Sultaniyya

Moradi

2022

asian archaeol

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The village of Varāy (Viyar) is located at the foot of Āq Dāgh Mountain in the southeast of Sultaniyya, Iran, and is known for its impressive rock-cut architecture called Dash Kasan. The history of Sultaniyya, which later became the Ilkhanid (Mongol rulers) capital, began with the issue of an order by Arghūn Khan (1258–1291 CE), to build a huge city enclosed by stone walls and fortifications. According to many in the field, Dash Kasan occupied a prominent place in the development of Arghūn’s architectural project; first as a stone quarry, and then as a Buddhist monastery. This building is unique in its architectural design and decoration. The site’s two large-scale dragon snakes carved out of cliffs, and the development of a vast open space by cutting the solid rock are the only examples of their kind in Iranian art and architecture. Although most of the debates on the identity of this site to date are centered on its religious function during the Mongol period, there is little architectural evidence to support this idea. Hence, the nature and the scope of earlier studies are not sufficient to substantiate the architectural discourse surrounding this monument. The aim of this paper is to study this enigmatic rock-cut complex to provide a more detailed description of the current remains. According to the results, the architectural layout of this building suggests it was originally designed as pre-Ilkhanid Mongolian ceremonial halls and reflects a Chinese, East Asian architectural influence that was evident and pervasive throughout the Mongol territories.

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“…36 Hülâgü, Phag-mo-gru-pa Okulu'na mensup yüksek din adamlarına hediyeler göndermiş 37 ve daha sonra İran' daki hükümdarlığı sırasında Tibet coğrafyasındaki iktidarını korumak için Tibet ve Keşmir' e de yürümüştür. 38 Phag-mo-gru-pa, o zamanlar Merkezî Tibet'te önemli bir siyasi ve dini güce sahip olduğundan, Hülâgü'nün maddi ve askeri desteği, bu okul ile Çin Moğolları himayesi altında olan Sa-skya-pa Okulları arasındaki iktidar mücadelesinde önemli bir etken olmuştur. Dolayısıyla Phag-mogru-pa'nın takipçileri Tibet'ten İran'a taşınmış, Uygur, Çin, Tangut tarikatlarına giderek egemen olmuş ve İran' daki Moğollar arasında Tantrik Budizmini yaymıştır.…”

Section: Budizm Ve Moğollardaki Bazı Budist Okullarıunclassified

Buddhism in Ilkhanid Court

Derin

2020

Marmara Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi

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Budizm MÖ III. asırdan itibaren Hindistan dışında yayılmaya başlar. İslam öncesi dönemde İran'ın doğu bölgelerinde etkili hale gelir. MS II. yüzyıla doğru çökmeye başlar. Moğol istilası ile İran coğrafyasındaki İlhanlı sarayında tekrar canlanır. Bu dönemde önceki dönemden farklı bir statüye ulaşır. Çeşitli sebepler ve süreçler; Uygur, Çin, Tangut ve Tibet Budizmi gibi İlhanlı Budizmi'ni de şekillendirmiştir. Budizm, Gazan Han ve halefi Olcaytu'nun İslam'ı seçmesinden sonra İran' da ortadan kalkmış ve yalnızca İranlı sanatçıların eserlerinde ve İranlı yazarların yazılarında temsil edilen bilim ve sanat formunda yaşamaya devam etmiştir.İlhanlı dönemi İran'ında gelişme gösteren Budizm ile ilgili tarihi çalışmalarda Moğollar arasındaki çeşitli Budist okullarının; Budizm ile aile kurumu, siyaset, ahlak, bilim, sanat, ekonomi, gibi sosyal kurumlar arasındaki ilişkilerin ve ayrıca bir yandan Budistler ve Müslümanlar arasındaki teorik etkileşimleri, diğer yandan Budistler ve diğer dini ve mezhebi azınlıkların arasındaki ilişkilerin ortaya konması gerekmektedir.Bunların tamamının bu makale kapsamına ortaya konmasının mümkün olmadığı açıktır. Bu sebeple bu makalede sadece Moğollardaki Budist okulları ve İlhanlı sarayındaki Budizm'in varlığı ve buradan yola çıkarak kısmen siyaset üzerindeki etkisinden bahsedilecektir.

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Ilkhanid Buddhism: Traces of a Passage in Eurasian History

Cited by 27 publications

References 28 publications

Practice of Power in Ilkhanate: Analysis of Intercultural Communication and Social Exchange

Practice of Power in Ilkhanate: Analysis of Intercultural Communication and Social Exchange

Dash Kasan; an imperial architecture in the Mongol capital of Sultaniyya

Buddhism in Ilkhanid Court

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