Ileocolitis Associated with
            <i>Anaerobiospirillum</i>
            in Cats

Cock, H. E V De; Marks, Stanley L.; Stacy, Brian A.; Zabka, Tanja S.; Burkitt, Jamie M.; Lu, George J.; Steffen, David; Duhamel, G

doi:10.1128/jcm.42.6.2752-2758.2004

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Lean Ossabaw minipigs with lower fasting insulin levels (15 pmol/liter versus 34.7 pmol/liter) had a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes in colon than obese pigs (45). In the present study, a lower relative abundance of Proteobacteria was observed in the KF group, which can be considered beneficial, as increased Proteobacteria levels are linked with intestinal inflammation (46), and this phylum encompasses bacteria known to cause intestinal pathology in humans and animals (47,48). Interestingly, this reduction in Proteobacteria levels in the KF diet group was associated with a decrease in the plasma TNF-␣ concentration during lactation in the same sows.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Inclusion of Konjac Flour in the Gestation Diet Changes the Gut Microbiota, Alleviates Oxidative Stress, and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Sows

Tan

Wei

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Although dietary fibers contribute to health and physiology primarily via the fermentative actions of the gut microbiota of the hosts, few studies have focused on how these interactions influence the metabolic status of sows. Here, the effects of inclusion of konjac flour (KF) in a gestation diet on oxidative stress status, insulin sensitivity, and gut microbiota were investigated to elucidate the correlation between the microbiota and metabolic changes in sows. Sows were assigned to either control or 2.2% KF dietary treatment during gestation. The gut microbiota population in sows during gestation and lactation was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The oxidative stress parameters, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) values, and fatty acids in the blood of sows were also assessed. Compared to the control diet group, KF significantly reduced the serum levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) but increased the serum concentrations of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in sows on day 1 in lactation. Additionally, sows in the KF group had a lower HOMA insulin resistance value but a higher HOMA insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IS) value. KF induced changes in the gut microbial composition at the phylum and genus levels. The increased relative abundances of Akkermansia and Roseburia in the KF group were positively correlated with the HOMA-IS. Overall, dietary KF alleviated oxidative stress and improved insulin sensitivity of sows, and the changes in the gut microbiota in response to KF may have been correlated with the host metabolism response. IMPORTANCETo date, the effect of dietary fiber on metabolism responses and gut microbiota in sows has not been investigated. Here, KF supplementation of a gestation diet in sows was found to alleviate oxidative stress and to improve insulin sensitivity. Pyrosequencing analysis revealed that KF treatment induces changes in the gut microbiota composition at the phylum and genus levels. Moreover, the changes of gut microbiota in response to KF may be correlated with the host metabolism response.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Inclusion of Konjac Flour in the Gestation Diet Changes the Gut Microbiota, Alleviates Oxidative Stress, and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Sows

Tan

Wei

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…A lower relative abundance of Proteobacteria was also observed at weaning for offspring of GM maize-fed sows, and this may have been due to the influence of the maternal microbiota; however, it was not associated with treatment differences in any member taxa. These reductions can be considered beneficial as increased Proteobacteria have been linked with intestinal inflammation (31), and this phylum encompasses bacteria known to cause intestinal pathology in humans and animals (32,33). Interestingly, this reduction in Proteobacteria was associated with beneficial immune effects in the same sows (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence-Based Analysis of the Intestinal Microbiota of Sows and Their Offspring Fed Genetically Modified Maize Expressing a Truncated Form of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab Protein (Bt Maize)

Buzoianu

Walsh

Rea

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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eThe aim was to investigate transgenerational effects of feeding genetically modified (GM) maize expressing a truncated form of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab protein (Bt maize) to sows and their offspring on maternal and offspring intestinal microbiota. Sows were assigned to either non-GM or GM maize dietary treatments during gestation and lactation. At weaning, offspring were assigned within sow treatment to non-GM or GM maize diets for 115 days, as follows: (i) non-GM maize-fed sow/non-GM maize-fed offspring (non-GM/non-GM), (ii) non-GM maize-fed sow/GM maize-fed offspring (non-GM/GM), (iii) GM maize-fed sow/non-GM maize-fed offspring (GM/non-GM), and (iv) GM maize-fed sow/GM maize-fed offspring (GM/GM). Offspring of GM maize-fed sows had higher counts of fecal total anaerobes and Enterobacteriaceae at days 70 and 100 postweaning, respectively. At day 115 postweaning, GM/non-GM offspring had lower ileal Enterobacteriaceae counts than non-GM/non-GM or GM/GM offspring and lower ileal total anaerobes than pigs on the other treatments. GM maize-fed offspring also had higher ileal total anaerobe counts than non-GM maize-fed offspring, and cecal total anaerobes were lower in non-GM/GM and GM/ non-GM offspring than in those from the non-GM/non-GM treatment. The only differences observed for major bacterial phyla using 16S rRNA gene sequencing were that fecal Proteobacteria were less abundant in GM maize-fed sows prior to farrowing and in offspring at weaning, with fecal Firmicutes more abundant in offspring. While other differences occurred, they were not observed consistently in offspring, were mostly encountered for low-abundance, low-frequency bacterial taxa, and were not associated with pathology. Therefore, their biological relevance is questionable. This confirms the lack of adverse effects of GM maize on the intestinal microbiota of pigs, even following transgenerational consumption.

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“…The likelihood of observing these microorganisms is enhanced by high-power examination of areas of the preparation that contain a lesser amount of background flora, such as very thin areas of the preparation or areas of the preparation that are mucus-rich because these microorganisms localize to the mucus-rich mucosal surface. Diarrhea has been associated with fecal isolation of bacteria from all of these genera except for the treponeme-like bacteria, and bacteria from all of these genera have also been isolated from the feces of asymptomatic dogs and cats (Bender et al, 2005;Broussard, 2003;De Cock et al, 2004;Malnick et al, 1990;Misawa et al, 2002;Rossi et al, 2008). Concurrent observation of fecal neutrophils would support a bacterial cause of the diarrhea.…”

Section: Potential Microbial Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 88%