IL-6 and IL-10 Are Associated With Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria Infection in Lymphoma

Abstract

To investigate the Th1/Th2 cytokine profile in patients with lymphoma during the myelosuppression stage of infection. 52 patients with gram-negative bacterial infection (G- group), 49 patients with gram-positive bacterial infection (G+ group), 51 uninfected patients with lymphoma (uninfected group) and 20 healthy controls (healthy group) were enrolled in this study. We evaluated the quantification of Th1/Th2 cytokines with flow cytometry bead assay (CBA) in the sera to explore a rapid diagnostic method to determine the type of infection and anti-infective effect. The levels of procalcitonin (PCT) were also detected simultaneously. The four groups did not differ with regard to IL-2 and IL-4 (P>0.05). The IFN-γ and TNF-α levels of patients with lymphoma were higher than those of healthy controls (P<0.05). There was significantly upregulated IL-6 and IL-10 expression in the G- group (P<0.001). A similar trend was reflected in the IL-6 of the G+ group, which was significantly increased (P<0.001). However, no significant upregulation was observed for IL-10 in the G+ group. According to the different degrees of increased IL-6 and IL-10 levels, We proposed to use the G- Bacterial Infection Cytokine Profile (G- BICP) and the G+ Bacterial Infection Cytokine Profile (G+ BICP) for the first time to differentiate between Gram-negative and Gram-positive (G-/G+) bacterial infection in adults with lymphoma in the myelosuppression stage after chemotherapy. The IL-6, IL-10 and PCT in the G- group and the IL-6, PCT in the G+ group were significantly decreased at day 4 and day 8 compared with those at day 1. IL-6 and IL-10 are closely associated with the severity and treatment efficacy in adults with lymphomas who develop infections after chemotherapy and can help distinguish between G- and G+ bacterial infections at an early stage.

Association of Pulmonary Pathogenic Microbial Load and Cytokine Levels with Sepsis Mortality: A Cross- Sectional Study

“…On the other hand, increased IL-10 levels may be a protective response to infection and excessive activation of in ammation. It may attempt to reduce tissue damage by suppressing the immune response On the other hand, elevated IL-10 levels might be a protective response against infection and excessive in ammation, seeking to mitigate tissue damage by suppressing the immune response [23,24]. However, in certain circumstances, this suppressive function may be too potent, leading to immunosuppression, excessive growth of pathogenic microorganisms, and worsening of clinical conditions [20].…”

Linking the gut microbiome to microglial activation in opioid use disorder

“…Interestingly, IL-6 and IL-10 can help distinguish between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial infections. When compared with healthy people, IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly increased in Gram-negative bacterial infections, while only IL-6 was significantly increased Grampositive bacterial infections (Zhu et al, 2022). Furthermore, many pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNFα have saturable transport systems to cross from the blood to the CNS (Banks et al, 1995).…”

Interleukin-10 in the differential diagnosis of bacteremia caused by gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms in patients with sepsis

“…ИЛ-6, как индуктор синтеза реактивных белков острой фазы, таких как С-реактивный белок (СРБ), полезный тест для ранней оценки и диагностики бактериальной инфекции, причём чувствительность и специфичность его выше, чем у СРБ при современном клиническом применении. Однако, как и ФНО-α, и ИЛ-1β, ИЛ-6 не специфичен для сепсиса, и его основная роль в качестве биомаркера сепсиса, по-видимому, является прогностической -содержание в крови ИЛ-6 имеет хорошую корреляцию с развитием, прогнозом и летальностью при сепсисе [28,29].…”

“…Tang Y.et al использовали цитокины ИЛ-6/ИЛ-10 для идентификации грамотрицательных и грамположительных бактерий у детей с гематологическими заболеваниями [34]. Zhu Q et al предложили использовать ИЛ-6 и ИЛ-10 для дифференцировки грамотрицательной и грамположительной бактериальной инфекции у взрослых с лимфомой в стадии миелосупрессии после химиотерапии [29].…”