IL-5 production in response to Candida Albicans secretory aspartic protease 2 is the marker of isolated late-phase bronchial responses upon inhalation challenge for nonatopic asthma

Cytokine responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to allergen do not identify asthma or asthma phenotypes

“…T lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage from atopic asthmatic patients are activated and express increased IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA [7] and this expression correlates with airflow restriction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and asthma severity scores [8]. PBMCs from nonatopic asthmatic individuals can produce IL-5 in response to Candida albicans, and both inhaled and skin-prick Candida challenge can elicit a late phase response in these patients [10,11]. Nonatopic patients have also been shown to produce inflammatory responses to allergen.…”

“…shown to produce inflammatory responses to allergen. PBMCs from nonatopic asthmatic individuals can produce IL-5 in response to Candida albicans, and both inhaled and skin-prick Candida challenge can elicit a late phase response in these patients [10,11]. Intradermal administration of peptides from the major cat allergen Fel d 1 (that do not cross-link IgE in vitro or cause an early wheal and flare cutaneous response) can provoke a late phase decline in FEV1 accompanied by chest tightness and wheezing [12].…”