“…28 Similar to the effects of UV, IL-33 has potent immunemodulating properties that are mediated by the induction of cytokines including IL-1, -4, -6, -10. and -13, as well as chemokines such as CXCL8, CCL2, CCL3, and CCL5. 22,23,29,30 Consequently, although IL-33 can reduce the development of atheroscleoris 31 and prevent the development of parasitic-induced encephalitis, 32 it may also promote the development of asthma 33 and ar-thritis. 29 Recently, the immune-modulating functions of IL-33 have been extended to include attenuation of bacterial sepsis via neutrophil recruitment 28 and the activation of newly discovered "nuocytes" for the effective elimination of parasitic infections.…”