IL-33 causes thermogenic failure in aging by expanding dysfunctional adipose ILC2

Immune ageing at single-cell resolution

“…ILC2s are involved in innate immune responses against parasites and regulate tissue homeostasis 42 . Single-cell analyses in mice showed that ILC2s are less abundant in old lungs 25 and adipose tissue 50 . However, the decrease in ILC2 populations is not a universal hallmark of ageing; for example, the numbers of ILC2s increase in aged mouse brains 51 .…”

“…Functionally, ILC2s appear to be associated with healthier ageing phenotypes. In old adipose tissues, a decrease in the numbers of ILC2s is linked to a metabolic impairment and cold-induced lethality exacerbated in old mice 50 , whereas in the ageing brain, ILC2s function to counteract cognitive decline 51 . ILC2s have been found in human adipose tissue 53 , but it remains unclear whether they contribute to age-associated metabolic dysfunction in ageing individuals.…”

“…This dataset contains scTCR-seq and scBCR-seq data 57 Mouse ageing lung atlas Mouse single-cell suspensions of whole lungs scRNA-seq of total cells from young (3 months) and aged (24 months) male C57BL/6N mice 27 Immune cells in young and old mice Mouse cells from the meninges, bone marrow and blood scRNA-seq of cells from young (3 months) and aged (25 months) female C57BL/6J mice. This dataset contains scBCR-seq data 96 Analysis of immune cells in young and aged mice Mouse immune cells from the spleen and dentate gyrus scRNA-seq of CD45 + cells from young (3 months) and old (18 months) C57BL/6 mice 47 Ageing-associated alterations in mammary cells in mice Epithelial and stromal cells from mouse mammary tissues scRNA-seq of cells from young (3–4 months) and aged (13–14 months) virgin female C57BL/6J mice 28 Ageing-associated alterations in adipose tissue in mice Tissue-resident immune cells from young and old gonadal adipose tissue scRNA-seq of CD45 + cells from young (2–3 months) and aged (18–24 months) male C57BL/6J mice 50 Effect of ageing on CD4 + T cells in mice Mouse CD4 + T cells from the spleen scRNA-seq of CD4 + T cells from young (2–3 months) and aged (22–24 months) C57BL/6J mice 9 Single-cell atlas of ageing in rats Rat immune and non-immune cells from the liver, fat, kidney, aorta, skin and bone marrow scRNA-seq of total cells from young (5 months) and old (27 months) male and female Rattus norvegicus . One group of old rats was calorie restricted (70% of calories) starting at 18 months 33 Cells from wounds of old mice Mouse cells from entire wounds scRNA-seq of cells from skin wounds from aged (24 months) C57BL/6JN mice with fast-healing and slow-healing trajectories 109 Cell composition in old neurogenic niches Mouse cells from subventricular zone neurogenic niche scRNA-seq of cells from subventricular zone from young (3 months) and aged (28–29 months) male C57BL/6JN mice 157 PBMCs of healthy young and older individuals Human PBMCs from healthy non-obese individuals ...…”

Role of Innate lymphoid Cells in Obesity and Insulin Resistance

“…Interestingly, a recent study has reported that loss of ILC2s in adipose tissue drives thermogenic failure in aging. ILC2s are lost in aging, and an adoptive transfer experiment showed that adult ILC2s could help old mice resist cold ( 63 ). These studies shed light on the role of ILC2s in regulating metabolism and may represent a novel approach for treating obesity.…”

ILC2s and Adipose Tissue Homeostasis: Progress to Date and the Road Ahead

“…ILC2s in adipose tissue significantly decrease with age. Recently, Dixit and colleagues reported that the lethality of the aged mice subjected to cold conditions is considerably higher than that of young mice ( 37 ). This may be because ILC2-mediated WAT browning and subsequent heat production are not well induced in aged mice, and thus they are unable to maintain core body temperature.…”