IL-25 Induces IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 and Th2-Associated Pathologies In Vivo

Abstract

We have characterized a cytokine produced by Th2 cells, designated as IL-25. Infusion of mice with IL-25 induced IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 gene expression. The induction of these cytokines resulted in Th2-like responses marked by increased serum IgE, IgG(1), and IgA levels, blood eosinophilia, and pathological changes in the lungs and digestive tract that included eosinophilic infiltrates, increased mucus production, and epithelial cell hyperplasia/hypertrophy. In addition, our studies show that IL-25 induces Th2-type cytokine production by accessory cells that are MHC class II(high), CD11c(dull), and lineage(-). These results suggest that IL-25, derived from Th2 T cells, is capable of amplifying allergic type inflammatory responses by its actions on other cell types.

TLR2‐activated human langerhans cells promote Th17 polarization via IL‐1β, TGF‐β and IL‐23

“…Furthermore, it was observed that the Th2-derived IL-17E, which is a member of the IL-17 cytokine family (A-F), plays a role in boosting allergic reactions by induction of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. IL-17E expression was found in human keratinocytes and atopic dermatitis skin lesions [8,9]. In addition, there are other diseases affecting the skin with participation of IL-17.…”

Inhibitory Effect of Recombinant IL-25 on the Development of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Experimental Colitis in Mice

“…Structurally, all family members have been described to possess cystine residues that account for the characteristic formation of cystine-knot (7). However, IL-25 biological activities appear to markedly differ from those shown by its fellow members as it favors promotion of Th2-associated cytokines (8). IL-25 is reported to be produced by Th2 and mast cells (8,9).…”

“…However, IL-25 biological activities appear to markedly differ from those shown by its fellow members as it favors promotion of Th2-associated cytokines (8). IL-25 is reported to be produced by Th2 and mast cells (8,9). IL-25 was also shown to induce production of pro-inflammatory chemokine IL-8 and to activate NF-B1 (10).…”

A sticky end for gastrointestinal helminths; the role of the mucus barrier

“…ILC2s were originally identified as an alternative source of type 2 cytokines in mice lacking T or B cells51 and have been demonstrated to be a critical source of IL‐13 and IL‐13‐driven goblet cell responses during GI nematode infections. ILC2s can be primed and activated after stimulation with epithelial‐derived cues; IL‐25, IL‐33, TSLP 52.…”