IL-20 receptor cytokines in autoimmune diseases

Abstract

IL-19, IL-20, and IL-24 are the members of IL-10 family. They are also known as IL-20 receptor (IL-20R) cytokines as they all signal through the IL-20RA/IL-20RB receptor complex; IL-20 and IL-24 (but not IL-19) also signal through the IL-20RB/IL22RA1 receptor complex. Despite their protein structure homology and shared use of receptor complexes, they display distinct biological functions in immune regulation, tissue homeostasis, host defense, and oncogenesis. IL-20R cytokines can be expressed by both immune cells and epithelial cells, and are important for their interaction. In general, these cytokines are considered to be associated with pathogenesis of chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. However, a number of studies also highlighted their suppressive functions in regulating both innate and adaptive T cell responses and other immune cells, suggesting that the role of IL-20R cytokines in autoimmunity may be complex. In this review, we will discuss the immunobiological functions of IL-20R cytokines and how they are involved in regulating autoimmune diseases.

Interleukin-24 Regulates T Cell Activity in Patients With Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

“…This was consistent with the previous findings, which demonstrated that IL-22 receptor was strictly expressed on the tissue but absent on immune cells (35). Thus, signaling through IL-24 in regulation of T cells was dependent on the expression of IL-20R1/IL-20R2 heterodimeric complex, which was also the receptor for IL-20 (11). Furthermore, since anti-tumor property of IL-24 was dosedependent, we also chose two different concentration (10 ng/ml as low concentration and 100 ng/ml as high concentration) of recombinant IL-24 for stimulation based on the plasma IL-24 level in colorectal adenocarcinoma patients and healthy individuals.…”

“…Interleukin (IL)-24, which is also called melanoma differentiation associated gene-7, is a IL-20 cytokine family member and is expressed primarily in T cells and marcophages (9,10). IL-24 receptor belongs to type II cytokine receptor family, and consists of two heterodimeric receptor complexes, IL-20R1/IL-20R2 and IL-22R1/IL-20R2 (11). IL-24 is a potential anti-tumor agent and affects a broad array of cancers, which selectively inhibits tumor cell growth, invasion, metastasis, and angiogensis, induces cancer-selective apoptosis, stimulates anti-cancer immune response, sensitizes cancer call to therapies (12,13).…”

Vadadustat, a HIF Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor, Improves Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

“…The results obtained by real-time PCR as well as the proteome profiler showed a significant decrease in its expression and secretion. Although this cytokine is involved in the process of wound healing, the overproduction of IL24 underlies pro-inflammatory autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis, allergic contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease [40,41]. Therefore, a decrease in the secretion of IL24 by MSCs as a result of Vadadustat treatment seems to be a beneficial effect when considering the use of Vadadustat preconditioned MSCs in the treatment of patients with autoimmune diseases.…”

“…In each 20 µL reaction 100 ng of cDNA template and 0.5 µM forward and reverse primers was used. PCR reaction was started with two initial steps at 50 • C and 95 • C each for 2 min, followed by 40 Primer pairs for LEP (Cat. no.…”

Paradoxical gastrointestinal effects of interleukin-17 blockers

“…IL-24 is a member of IL-10 family of cytokines which signals through the IL-20 receptor. 10 The receptors for IL-24 are mainly expressed on epithelial cells including the colonic mucosa. It is produced by activated immune cells including T and B cells, and has a suppressor effect on Th1 and Th17 cells.…”