IL-1β-induced modulation of gene expression profile in human dermal fibroblasts: the effects of Thai herbal Sahatsatara formula, piperine and gallic acid possessing antioxidant properties

Abstract

BackgroundPain is the main symptom of most musculoskeletal disorders and can be caused by inflammation in association with oxidative stress. Thai herbal Sahatsatara formula (STF), a polyherbal formula, has been traditionally used for relieving muscle pain and limb numbness. This study aimed to investigate biologically active compounds of STF and its pharmacological effects related to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.MethodsThe identification of possibly active compounds of STF was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Moreover, this study also assessed the free radical scavenging activities of STF and its components using DPPH radical scavenging assay and their inhibitory effects on IL-1β-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in primary human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) using DCFDA-flow cytometry analysis. Modulation of human gene expression by STF and its active compounds was investigated by microarray analyzed through Gene Ontology (GO) classification and pathway enrichment analysis.ResultsHPLC analysis has revealed the presence of gallic acid (GA) and piperine (PP) as the major compounds in STF extracts. Our finding discovered that STF and its active compounds (GA and PP) yielded free radical scavenging activities and abilities to inhibit IL-1β-induced cellular ROS formation in NHDFs. Furthermore, microarray analysis demonstrated that a total of 84 genes (54 upregulated and 30 downregulated) were significantly affected by IL-1β involved in inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, transcription factors, cell adhesion molecules and other immunomodulators participating in NF-κB signaling. The significantly upregulated genes in IL-1β-treated in NHDFs participate in interleukin and cholecystokinin (CCRK) signaling pathways. The GO analysis of the target genes showed that all test compounds including indomethacin, STF and its active compounds, can downregulate the genes involved in NF-кB signaling pathway in IL-1β-treated NHDFs compared to the cells treated with IL-1β alone.ConclusionsSTF and its active compounds possessing antioxidant actions can modulate the effects of IL-1β-mediated alteration of gene expression profiles associated with inflammatory signaling in NHDFs.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1515-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The protective effect of Thai Herbal Sahatsatara formula against white matter injury after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in middle-aged rats

“…Since the flexibility to adjust the behavior to the new location of platform (new goal) or learning flexibility is closely related to the white matter function, so the better behavioral results in the reversal platform trial of MWM might support the protective effect of STF against the white matter injuries on learning flexibility. The protective effects of STF might come from piperine, the main active compound, that possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammation activities through the inhibition of ROS, TNF-α production and COX-2 expression [15,16]. Other ingredients in STF also have antioxidant, anti-inflammation, vasodilation and hemodynamic effects [21].…”

“…The certification and registration number of STF were G265/52 certified by FDA of Thailand with the recommended oral dose of 1.0-1.5 gm before meals, 3 times per day. The chemical determination was examined by thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography [15,21]. The fingerprint chromatograms and content determination of piperine in STF was determined (Figs.…”

“…Previous studies have shown that STF possessed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. STF significantly inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in primary human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) after the induction by IL-1β [15]. The 95% EtOH extract of STF could inhibit COX-2 expression and TNF-α production induced by lipopolysaccharide in murine macrophages (RAW246.7) [16].…”

“…The 95% EtOH extract of STF could inhibit COX-2 expression and TNF-α production induced by lipopolysaccharide in murine macrophages (RAW246.7) [16]. Moreover, piperine, an alkaloid group from P. nigrum and P. indica [15], is the main active ingredient in STF. Intraperitoneal injections of piperine (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg/day) were shown to attenuate spatial learning and memory impairment in the Morris water maze task and to reduce oxidative stress on day 5 after the 2VO [17].…”

Untargeted Metabolomic Profiles of Thai Herbal Sahatsatara Formula by Mass Spectrometry

“…There were previous studies of STF demonstrated the fingerprint patterns of standard piperine compare with piperine in STF using thin layer chromatography (TLC), quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF) 4 . Furthermore, piperine was used for a quantitative marker by using high performance thin layer liquid chromatography (HPTLC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) approaches 7 . However, only one compound is not enough to claim the clinical efficacy and mechanism of action of STF.…”