IL-10-Producing ILCs: Molecular Mechanisms and Disease Relevance

Abstract

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are mainly composed of natural killer (NK) cells and helper-like lymphoid cells, which play a vital role in maintaining tissue homeostasis, enhancing adaptive immunity and regulating tissue inflammation. Alteration of the distribution and function of ILCs subgroups are closely related to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and cancers. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a highly pleiotropic cytokine, and can be secreted by several cell types, among of which ILCs are recently verified to be a key source of IL-10. So far, the stable production of IL-10 can only be observed in certain NK subsets and ILC2s. Though the regulatory mechanisms for ILCs to produce IL-10 are pivotal for understanding ILCs and potential intervenes of diseases, which however is largely unknown yet. The published studies show that ILCs do not share exactly the same mechanisms for IL-10 production with helper T cells. In this review, the molecular mechanisms regulating IL-10 production in NK cells and ILC2s are discussed in details for the first time, and the role of IL-10-producing ILCs in diseases such as infections, allergies, and cancers are summarized.

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“…IL1β, TNF‐α, IL6, CRP, and LPS can activate the immune system, while IL10 is an important multifunctional antiinflammatory cytokine. IL10 inhibits leukocyte activation and function, thus inhibiting increases in the levels of inflammatory cytokines, preventing host damage and maintaining the integrity of tissue function (Sun, Wu, Zhang, & Ni, 2021). Paeoniflorin has an antiinflammatory effect, as it reduces the levels of inflammatory factors in the spinal cord (Liu et al, 2020; J. Zhou et al, 2016, 2017).…”

The Role of Crosstalk of Immune Cells in Pathogenesis of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria

“…Besides, TSLP; and IL- 9 activate STAT5 and induce ILC2 survival. IL-4, IL-9, and IL-10 also work on ILC2s in an autocrine manner to maintain cytokine secretion, forming a positive feedback loop ( 193 – 195 ).…”

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