III-V based infrared detectors are imposing new standards

Ivanov, Ruslan; Smuk, Sergiy; Evans, Dean; Diel, Waldemar; Rihtnesberg, David; Naureen, Shagufta; Smuk, Anton; Delmas, M.; Höglund, Linda; Costard, E.

doi:10.1117/12.2558736

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Some of these results are presented in this work. They reinforce our conviction that, taking full advantages of QWIP "-ability" virtues [3,6], a state-of-the-art largearea QWIP FPA for LWIR applications is feasible on even smaller pitch (down to 10 µm). Supporting this, we present the feasibility study for QWIP array in HD format (1280×1024 pixels) as the next step in expanding the area of its applicability.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Another investigated property of the array includes the bias dependence of its MTF. The bias-dependent optical response offers QWIP detectors wide tunability to fill a broad range of applications [3,4,5]. To answer if such adjustment affects the MTF value, we repeated the experiment for a set of applied biasing voltages under fixed illumination.…”

Section: Mtfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…QWIP arrays are widely recognized for their excellent imagery properties in the thermal infrared spectral range (LWIR, 7.5-14 µm) [1]. Taking advantage of the technology-specific properties, IRnova have recently demonstrated that QWIP is a solid and flexible platform for advanced detector designs fulfilling requirements of such demanding applications as dual-color radiometry for Earth observation, polarimetric imaging and optical gas detection (OGI) [2,3,4,5]. In Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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QWIP: still the best solution for high-end applications in LWIR

Ivanov,

Högnadottir,

Ramos

et al. 2023

Infrared Technology and Applications XLIX

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Quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) technology is an excellent solution for tactical applications due to the unmatched image uniformity, stability, and pixel operability (typically <99.9%). IRnova have a high-volume production of QWIP detectors in both QVGA and VGA formats since 1999. In 2017 a VGA format QWIP with 15 μm pitch was released, which has demonstrated excellent sensitivity (expressed as noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD)) of 30 mK at F/2 and 100 Hz frame rate. QWIPs also enable compact designs for polarimetric imaging by implementing polarization-sensitive lamellar gratings directly onto the detector pixels. Such polarimetric LWIR detectors (peak absorption at 8.5 μm) have been fabricated at IRnova as both QVGA and VGA format FPAs on 30 and 15 μm pitch, respectively. Polarimetric imaging with these detectors is demonstrated in this work, showing polarimetric contrast as high as 57±5 % for the QVGA format detectors, while the VGA format arrays provide enhanced spatial resolution at the expense of a lower polarization contrast (≈21±2 %). Finally, to meet the demand of highly sensitive and reliable HD LWIR detectors, a 1280×1024 QWIP detector on 10 μm pitch is the next targeted format of IRnova’s QWIP sensors. In this work, the anticipated performance of such detectors will be presented based on the simulation result using the in-house developed tools. The modelling takes into account the relevant ROIC parameters, as well as scaling of the detector performance with pixel size.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Mtfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

QWIP: still the best solution for high-end applications in LWIR

Ivanov,

Högnadottir,

Ramos

et al. 2023

Infrared Technology and Applications XLIX

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“…Extrinsic photoexcitation is predominantly based on PC technology and designs often consist of SiGe heterojunctions, impurity band conduction, and solid-state photomultiplier. A novel alternative approach using the III-V hybrid technology is the AlGaAs multiple quantum wells infrared photodetector (QWIP), 181 which also promises next-generation detectors with higher quantum efficiency and operating temperatures. With improved manufacturability, uniformity, and higher yield, these QWIP detectors can be fabricated as large format FPAs at lower cost.…”

Section: Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Considerations for Discrete Frequency Infrared Microscopy Systems

2021

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Discrete frequency infrared (DFIR) chemical imaging is transforming the practice of microspectroscopy by enabling a diversity of instrumentation and new measurement capabilities. While a variety of hardware implementations have been realized, considerations in the design of all-IR microscopes have not yet been compiled. Here we describe the evolution of IR microscopes, provide rationales for design choices, and the major considerations for each optical component that together comprise an imaging system. We analyze design choices in illustrative examples that use these components to optimize performance, under their particular constraints. We then summarize a framework to assess the factors that determine an instrumentâs performance mathematically. Finally, we summarize the design and analysis approach by enumerating performance figures of merit for spectroscopic imaging data that can be used to evaluate the capabilities of imaging systems or suitability for specific intended applications. Together, the presented concepts and examples should aid in understanding available instrument configurations, while guiding innovations in design of the next generation of IR chemical imaging spectrometers.

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“…Another advantage of the QWIPs for dual/multi-band sensor implementation is a relatively narrow spectral response facilitating nearly zero optical crosstalk which is a problem even in small-pitch single band sensors of the alternative technologies [1]. LWIR QWIP FPAs with 15 µm pitch and high performance were reported recently [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grating-free high-x InP/InxGa1-xAs mid-wavelength infrared QWIP focal plane array

2024

Opto-Electronics Review

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The authors report the characteristics of a diffraction-grating-free mid-wavelength infrared InP/In0.85Ga0.15As quantum well infrared photodetector focal plane array with a 640 × 512 format and a 15 m pitch. Combination of a normal incident radiation sensing ability of the high-x InxGa1-xAs quantum wells with a large gain property of the InP barriers led to a diffraction-grating-free quantum well infrared photodetector focal plane array with characteristics displaying great promise to keep the status of the quantum well infrared photodetector as a robust member of the new generation thermal imaging sensor family. The focal plane array exhibited excellent uniformity with noise equivalent temperature difference nonuniformity as low as 10% and a mean noise equivalent temperature difference below 20 mK with f/2 optics at 78 K in the absence of grating. Elimination of the diffraction-grating and large enough conversion efficiency (as high as 70% at a −3.5 V bias voltage) abolish the bottlenecks of the quantum well infrared photodetector technology for the new generation very small-pitch focal plane arrays.

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III-V based infrared detectors are imposing new standards

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

QWIP: still the best solution for high-end applications in LWIR

QWIP: still the best solution for high-end applications in LWIR

Design Considerations for Discrete Frequency Infrared Microscopy Systems

Grating-free high-x InP/InxGa1-xAs mid-wavelength infrared QWIP focal plane array

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