Iii. The Reaction Following Section of the Eighth Nerve

Buchanan, A. R.; Ladd, Laura D.

doi:10.1001/archotol.1940.00660010114011

Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery

1940

DOI: 10.1001/archotol.1940.00660010114011

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Iii. The Reaction Following Section of the Eighth Nerve

A. R. Buchanan¹,

Laura D. Ladd²

Abstract: In two previous communications 1 we have discussed the galvanic reaction in normal and in unilaterally and bilaterally labyrinthectomized guinea pigs. The present study has to do with the galvanic reaction in guinea pigs in which the eighth nerve on one side was destroyed.Dohlman 2 experimented with the galvanic reaction of animals in which the vestibular nerves were sectioned intracranially or in which the vestibular ganglion had been removed. He concluded that elicitation of galvanic nystagmus is dependent o… Show more

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1949

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Iv. The Reaction in Animals With Unilateral Lesions in the Brain Stem

Buchanan¹

1940

Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery

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Previous reports have described the galvanic reaction in guinea pigs with unilateral labyrinthectomy and with unilateral destruction of the eighth nerve.1 It has been shown, contrary to the findings in human subjects reported by Blonder,2 that the reaction is still elicitable after destruction of the labyrinth, although requiring a considerably stronger current. This is in agreement with the findings reported by Blau 3 and others, including those in the recent report of Northington and Barrera.4 After destruction of the eighth nerve the galvanic falling reaction could still be elicited, but, again, a stronger current was required than for normal animals. Dohlman,5 Northington and Barrera 4 and others have found that galvanic nystagmus cannot be elicited after destruction of the eighth nerve.The nervous structures involved in the galvanic falling reaction seem, logically, to include: (1) the labyrinth; (2) the vestibular division of the eighth nerve; (3) the vestibular nuclei, and (4) the descending pathways from the vestibular nuclei, including the vestibulospinal tract and the medial longitudinal fasciculi. Any explanation why a pathway so constituted should be responsible for an almost constant falling reaction toward the anode and away from the cathode when galvanic current is allowed to flow through the ear is, so far as I know, still lacking. Since

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Iv. The Reaction in Animals With Unilateral Lesions in the Brain Stem

Buchanan¹

1940

Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery

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The Effect of Streptomycin Medication on the Galvanic Reaction

Ingelstedt

Walander

1949

Acta Oto-Laryngologica

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ie toxic effect of streptomycin medication has aroused much interest, and 1ial)le to arise after various periods of treatment with this drug are available.Only isolated cases of impairment of hearing have been reported. A dosage of 1-2 grams daily will apparently have no effect on hearing. On the other hand a dosage of 2-3 grams daily is in most cases sufficient to lead to a dysfunction of the vestibular system if medication is continued for inore than two weelcs. In four cases treated for morbus MhiCre I I a m b e r g e r , I L y c l C~i Pr K o ch reported an abolition of the vestibular reaction following treatment with streptomycin given 3 grams per day for a period of three weeks. Mof f i t & N o r m a n found a dosage of 2 grams daily to be follo~\-ed in the fourth to sixth week by a labyrinthine dysfunction in approximately 90 per cent of their material. A dosage of I gram daily gave serious consequences in 4 per cent of the cases, and slight, in 23 per cent. H a m b e r g e r et a1 stressed the great risk involved in the streptomycin medication of a patient with renal insufficiency, because in such cases the concentration of the drug in the blood will be high. These authors, however, found that a total dosage of more than 60 grams of the drug was liable to have an adverse effect on the restibular nerve even in patients with normal renal function.In some cases the vestibular dysfunction seems to be re\~ersible. 1 : o w 1 e r & S e l i g m a n found a caloric response in a case in which the labyrinth did not respond previously to irrigation with ice water for 5 minutes. S i r o t a 8:J o n e s found the caloric response to return in 6 cases of 15 in which tlie response was absent after 120 days' streptomycin treatment with 1.8 grams per day. W i n s t o n examined the response to rotation and caloric stimulation and found that tlie duration of post-rotatoric nystagmus diminished first and then disappeared together with the caloric response, but about I 5 days after discontinuation of treatment with the drug, the vestibular function began to recover. B a r r , F l o h e r g , H a m b e r g e r Pr K o c h also claim that in cases that have received small doses for a short time and in which the response is apparently lost, the ear may nevertheless recover.The vestibular function is generally tested by rotation and caloric stimulation and liomberg's test. Some authors have also reported use of the tipping test. American authors have discussed the localization of the vestil)ular injury on the basis of clinical findings. G l o r i g & F o w l e r conclude that the injury must certainly be located in the labyrinth. illore recent investigations 1)y 1; 1 o 1) e r g, H a m 1) e I-g e r and H y d 6 11 have however revealed microspetrographically that the injury shows a predilection for the vestibular ganglion and T many exhaustive descriptions of the subjective and objective symptoms Acta Otolaryngol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by ThULB Jena on 11/18/14For personal use only.

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Iii. The Reaction Following Section of the Eighth Nerve

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

Iv. The Reaction in Animals With Unilateral Lesions in the Brain Stem

Iv. The Reaction in Animals With Unilateral Lesions in the Brain Stem

The Effect of Streptomycin Medication on the Galvanic Reaction

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