II—Virtue Without Excellence, Excellence Without Health

Carel, Havi

doi:10.1093/arisup/akw006

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…6). It is a much more diverse, nuanced, complex, changing andindeedcreative process than is often appreciated (Carel, 2007b;2016b). This creativity emerging in response to adversity is important to document, witness, and celebrate because illness plays a large role in almost every human life and seeing it as purely negative carries significant costs.…”

Section: Contingency: 'Man Is All Accident'mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 'facts of life' ought not to exclude the possibility of flourishing, because flourishing can, and often does, happen against a backdrop that is non-ideal. Flourishing should be possible even to imperfect, limited human forms of life (Carel, 2016b). This is not an attempt to cover up or minimise the powerful effects and profound damage that can be inflicted by vulnerabilisation, for example, by falling ill. Rather, it illuminates the possibility that moral excellence and perhaps other kinds of flourishing are possible even under conditions that are far from ideal and even with limited resources and personal capacities.…”

Section: Conclusion: Vulnerability and Virtuementioning

confidence: 99%

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‘Creatures of a Day’: Contingency, Mortality, and Human Limits

Carel¹

2021

Roy. Inst. Philos. Suppl.

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This paper offers a nexus of terms – mortality, limits, contingency and vulnerability – painting a picture of human life as marked by limitation and finitude. I suggest that limitations of possibility, capacity, and resource are deep features of human life, but not only restrict it. Limits are also the conditions of possibility for human life and as such have productive, normative, and creative powers that not only delimit life but also scaffold growth and transformation within it. The paper takes a less known interpretation of the term ‘ephēmeros', to mean ‘of the day', rather than ‘short-lived' and suggests that as ephemeral, human life is contingent and mutable, subject to events beyond our control. However, virtue can still be exercised – indeed, can be exuberantly displayed – when we respond to contingent events marked by adversity.

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Section: Contingency: 'Man Is All Accident'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conclusion: Vulnerability and Virtuementioning

confidence: 99%

‘Creatures of a Day’: Contingency, Mortality, and Human Limits

Carel¹

2021

Roy. Inst. Philos. Suppl.

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“…We suggest that this life cycle perspective can reveal susceptibility to TE as belonging to ordinary lives and to ordinary modes of experiencing (cf. Carel, ).…”

Section: Towards a Broader Taxonomy Of Transformative Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We suggest that this life cycle perspective can reveal susceptibility to TE as belonging to ordinary lives and to ordinary modes of experiencing (cf. Carel, 2016b). Paul (2015b) claims that "choosing to undergo an epistemically transformative experience" introduces "a deep subjective unpredictability about the future" (p. 7).…”

Section: Towards a Broader Taxonomy Of Transformative Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding transformative experience

Carel

Kidd

2019

European J of Philosophy

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We develop a broader, more fine-grained taxonomy of forms of transformative experience, inspired by the work of L. A. Paul. Our vulnerability to such experiences arises, we argue, due to the vulnerability, dependence, and affliction intrinsic to the human condition. We use this trio to distinguish a variety of positively, negatively, and ambivalently valenced forms of epistemically and/or personally transformative experiences. Moreover, we argue that many transformative experiences can arise gradually and cumulatively, unfolding over the course of longer periods of time.

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“…1With the exception of those who die traumatically, due to accident. See [21] for an exposition of synchrony and diachrony in illness – the former referring to a point in time in one’s life and the latter to the entirety of one’s life.…”

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confidence: 99%

The dental anomaly: how and why dental caries and periodontitis are phenomenologically atypical

Rakhra

2019

Philos Ethics Humanit Med

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BackgroundDespite their shared origins, medicine and dentistry are not always two sides of the same coin. There is a long history in medical philosophy of defining disease and various medical models have come into existence. Hitherto, little philosophical and phenomenological work has been done considering dental caries and periodontitis as examples of disease and illness.MethodsA philosophical methodology is employed to explore how we might define dental caries and periodontitis using classical medical models of disease – the naturalistic and normativist. We identify shared threads and highlight how the features of these highly prevalent dental diseases prevent them fitting in either definition. The article describes phenomenology and the current thought around the phenomenology of illness, exploring how and why these dental illnesses might integrate into a phenomenological model.ResultsWe discover that there are some features particular to dental caries and periodontitis: ubiquity, preventability and hyper-monitorablility. Understanding the differences that these dental diseases have compared to many other classically studied diseases leads us to ethical questions concerning how we might manage those who have symptoms and seek treatment. As dental caries and periodontitis are common, preventable and hyper-monitorable, it is suggested that these features affect the phenomenology of these illnesses. For example, if we experience dental illness when we have consciously made decisions that have led to it, do we experience them differently to those rarer illnesses that we cannot expect? Other diseases share these features are discussed.ConclusionsThis paper highlights the central differences between the classical philosophical notion of disease in medicine and the dental examples of caries and periodontitis. It suggests that a philosophical method of conceptualising medical illness - phenomenology - should not be applied to these dental illnesses without thought. A phenomenological analysis of any dental illness is yet to be done and this paper highlights why a separate strand of phenomenology should be explored, instead of employing those that are extant. The article concludes with suggestions for further research into the nascent field of the phenomenology of dental illness and aims to act as a springboard to expose the dental sphere to this philosophical method of analysis.

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II—Virtue Without Excellence, Excellence Without Health

Cited by 20 publications

References 24 publications

‘Creatures of a Day’: Contingency, Mortality, and Human Limits

‘Creatures of a Day’: Contingency, Mortality, and Human Limits

Expanding transformative experience

The dental anomaly: how and why dental caries and periodontitis are phenomenologically atypical

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