II—Pressure Drop in Packed Tubes<sup>1</sup>

Chilton, Thomas H.; Colburn, A. P.

doi:10.1021/ie50260a016

Cited by 107 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…Since channeling and bed compression are not that different, despite the quite different mechanisms for increasing the pressure drop, we will focus only on channeling here. The pressure drop across a bed can be calculated by some correlations proposed by Ergun, Chilton and Colburn, and Kozeny [38][39][40]. Among these correlations Ergun's correlation as expressed in (28) turned out to be the most comparable to the actual data.…”

Section: March 2010mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and simulation of a simulated moving bed for adsorptive para-xylene separation

Lee

Shin

Lim

et al. 2010

Korean J. Chem. Eng.

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A multi-cell model was developed to analyze the behavior of a simulated moving bed process for adsorptive para-xylene separation from other xylene isomers. A novel technology for a semi-batch mode adsorption experiment was developed and used for fast and accurate data collection. Interaction parameters between different species for a multi-component extended Langmuir isotherm were estimated from single and multi-component adsorption experiments and implemented into the model. The parameters such as porosities, particle density and mass transfer coefficients were obtained from adsorbent analysis and commercial plant operation. To resolve the problem of high dimensionality, a cell-by-cell approach was proposed to solve the model. The recovery and purity of para-xylene as well as the concentration profile calculated from the model were in good agreement with the actual data. The effects of channeling and feed composition change were simulated, and they turned out to be physically meaningful. The simulation model will be used for operation condition optimization, trouble shooting, and productivity enhancement including a configuration change.

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Section: March 2010mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and simulation of a simulated moving bed for adsorptive para-xylene separation

Lee

Shin

Lim

et al. 2010

Korean J. Chem. Eng.

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“…For turbulent forced-convection flow through pipes, the classic Chilton-Colburn equation for heat transfer (1) when modified to mass transfer becomes The only previous work on mass transfer inside of pipes that was found in the literature is that of Linton and Sherwood on the dissolving of cinnamic acid, benzoic acid, and P-naphthol tubes in water; Sc ranged from 1,000 to 3,000. Though the spread of the jD values was considerable, the results agreed moderately well with Equations (2) and (3).…”

Section: Forced-convection Flow In Pipesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass transfer in liquid metals

Dunn¹,

Bonilla²,

Ferstenberg³

et al. 1956

AIChE Journal

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The rate of mass transfer was measured for solid metal shapes dissolving into mercury at room temperature. Sherwood numbers for horizontal tin, cadmium, zinc, and lead cylinders dissolving by natural convection agreed with Nusselt numbers for heat transfer in nonmetallic liquids at the same Rayleigh (Grashof X Randtl) numbers. Dissolving of zinc tubes by mercury flowing turbulently within them qgreed with heat transfer to nonmetals in tubes. Dissolving of random beds of lead spheres by mercury flowing through the bed agreed with similar nonmetal systems. It is concluded that mass transfer processes in liquid metals follow substantially the correlations for other fluids in heat or mass transfer, which with moderate safety factors may thus be used for at least preliminary design purposes.Cases of mass transfer in liquid metals are becoming more frequent with the increasing popularity of liquid metals as heat transfer media and as solvents. The pyrometallurgical refining of metals has long einployed mass transfer between the melted metal and a molten flux, another molten metal, a solid, or a gas. Corrosion of pipes and vessels by contaihed liquid metals due to temperature differentials plus a variation of solubility with temperature has long been encountered. The purification of molten sodium by the freezing out of sodium oxide is a similar case. E'inally, liquid-metal fuel reactors (L.M.F.R.) have been proposed (20) which feature mass transfer to accomplish principal objectives. Replenishment of the fissionable element would involve mass transfer, which, however, would be applied principally in the continuous removal of radioactive and neutron-consuming fission products.In the design of such processes, or in predicting the effect on performance of changes in operating conditions, it is desirable to have available the appropriate dimensionless correlations of mass transfer for each proposed geometry. A few such correlations from studies on nonmetallic liquids have been published. However, before one could confidently employ such correlations for liquid metals it would seem desirable to establish their validity for liquid metals in at least several key geometries. This paper presents the results of such a study employing four binary systems and three rigid geometries. The solids were lead, tin, cadmium, and zinc, and the liquid phase was mercury at room temperature. Natural convection was studied by dissolving horizontal cyliiiders of all four metals in a stationary pool of mercury, the Grashof X Schmidt number product ranging from 107 to 109. Forced convection was studied by passing mercury through zinc pipes at Reynolds numbers of 1,200 to 12,000 and through fixed beds of randomly packed lead spheres at void Reynolds numbers of 20 to 1,000. In all cases the Schmidt number was of the order of magnitude of 100.The ditrerential equations for forcedconvection mass transfer with constant physical properties (dilute solutions) are identical with those for heat transfer, provided that the Nusselt and Prandtl numbers in...

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“…The earliest work on the criterion for non-Darcy flow behavior in porous media was apparently published by Chilton and Colburn (1931). Due to previous belief that non-Darcy flow in porous media was similar to turbulent flow in a conduit, the Reynolds number for identifying turbulent flow in conduits was adapted to describe non-Darcy flow in porous media.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Criterion for Non-Darcy Flow in Porous Media

2006

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Non-Darcy behavior is important for describing fluid flow in porous media in situations where high velocity occurs. A criterion to identify the beginning of non-Darcy flow is needed. Two types of criteria, the Reynolds number and the Forchheimer number, have been used in the past for identifying the beginning of non-Darcy flow. Because each of these criteria has different versions of definitions, consistent results cannot be achieved. Based on a review of previous work, the Forchheimer number is revised and recommended here as a criterion for identifying non-Darcy flow in porous media. Physically, this revised Forchheimer number has the advantage of clear meaning and wide applicability. It equals the ratio of pressure drop caused by liquid-solid interactions to that by viscous resistance. It is directly related to the non-Darcy effect. Forchheimer numbers are experimentally determined for nitrogen flow in Dakota sandstone, Indiana limestone and Berea sandstone at flowrates varying four orders of magnitude. These results indicate that superficial velocity in the rocks increases non-linearly with the Forchheimer number. The critical Forchheimer number for non-Darcy flow is expressed in terms of the critical nonDarcy effect. Considering a 10% non-Darcy effect, the critical Forchheimer number would be 0.11.

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II—Pressure Drop in Packed Tubes¹

Cited by 107 publications

References 0 publications

Modeling and simulation of a simulated moving bed for adsorptive para-xylene separation

Modeling and simulation of a simulated moving bed for adsorptive para-xylene separation

Mass transfer in liquid metals

A Criterion for Non-Darcy Flow in Porous Media

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II—Pressure Drop in Packed Tubes1

Cited by 107 publications

References 0 publications

Modeling and simulation of a simulated moving bed for adsorptive para-xylene separation

Modeling and simulation of a simulated moving bed for adsorptive para-xylene separation

Mass transfer in liquid metals

A Criterion for Non-Darcy Flow in Porous Media

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Product

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II—Pressure Drop in Packed Tubes¹