II. Evaluation of the Impact on Growth of a Controlled 6-month Feeding Trial on Children (6-24 Months) Fed a Complementary Feed of a High Energy-Low Bulk Gruel Versus a High Energy-High Bulk Gruel in Addition to Their Habitual Home Diet

John, Chinnamma; Gopaldas, Tara

doi:10.1093/tropej/39.1.16

Cited by 15 publications

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“…The etiologies of these conditions are multi-factorial and are often attributed to poor maternal nutritional, poor access to healthcare and low birth weight. Adequate feeding, however, can lead to catch-up growth, which negates some of these adverse influences 20 – 22. Our analyses show that a substantial proportion of the population is still underweight even during school years and adolescence in Pakistan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Rise in childhood obesity with persistently high rates of undernutrition among urban school-aged Indo-Asian children

Jafar

Qadri

Islam

et al. 2008

Archives of Disease in Childhood

128

109

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Background:Childhood obesity is an emerging global public health challenge. Evidence for the transition in nutrition in Indo-Asian developing countries is lacking. We conducted these analyses to determine the trends in nutritional status of school-aged children in urban Pakistan.Methods:Data on the nutritional status of children aged 5 to 14 years from two independent population-based representative surveys, the urban component of the National Health Survey of Pakistan (NHSP; 1990–1994) and the Karachi survey (2004–2005), were analysed. Using normative data from children in the United States as the reference, trends for age- and gender-standardised prevalence (95% CI) of underweight (more than 2 SD below the weight-for-age reference), stunted (more than 2 SD below the height-for-age reference) and overweight and obese (body mass index (BMI) 85th percentile or greater) children were compared for the two surveys. The association between physical activity and being overweight or obese was analysed in the Karachi survey using logistical regression analysis.Results:2074 children were included in the urban NHSP and 1675 in the Karachi survey. The prevalence of underweight children was 29.7% versus 27.3% (p = 0.12), stunting was 16.7% versus 14.3% (p = 0.05), and prevalence of overweight and obese children was 3.0 versus 5.7 (p<0.001) in the NHSP and Karachi surveys, respectively. Physical activity was inversely correlated with being overweight or obese (odds ratio, 95% CI, 0.51, 0.32–0.80 for those who engaged in more than 30 minutes of physical activity versus those engaged in less than 30 minutes’ activity).Conclusions:Our study highlights the challenge faced by Pakistani school-aged children. There has been a rapid rise in the number of overweight and obsese children despite a persistently high burden of undernutrition. Focus on prevention of obesity in children must include strategies for promoting physical activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Rise in childhood obesity with persistently high rates of undernutrition among urban school-aged Indo-Asian children

Jafar

Qadri

Islam

et al. 2008

Archives of Disease in Childhood

128

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It acts by activating amylase and phytase enzymes which break the starch down into sugars and reduce the phytate content, leading to a more liquid porridge of lower viscosity and greater palatability. This resulted in 30–40% increases in energy intake in studies from Bangladesh,21India,7 and Tanzania 22. Although a Jamaican study did not find much increase in mean energy intake on α-amylase ‘thinned’ maize porridge,23 it did halve mean feeding times, which would have led to bigger differences in intake in a setting where feeds are less well supervised than in a research unit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of milk and maize based diets in kwashiorkor

Brewster

Manary

Menzies

et al. 1997

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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The dual sugar test of intestinal permeability is a reliable non-invasive way of assessing the response of the small intestinal mucosa to nutritional rehabilitation. Aim-To compare a local mix of maizesoya-egg to the standard milk diet in the treatment of kwashiorkor. Design-The diets were alternated three monthly in the sequence milk-maizemilk. There were a total of 533 kwashiorkor admissions of at least five days during the study who received either milk or maize. Intestinal permeability was assessed at weekly intervals by the lactulose-rhamnose test in 100 kwashiorkor cases, including 55 on milk and 45 on the maize diet. Results-Permeability ratios (95% confidence interval) on the milk diet improved by a mean of 6.4 (1.7 to 11.1) compared with −6.8 (−16.8 to 5.0) in the maize group. The improved permeability on milk occurred despite more diarrhoea, which constituted 34.8% of hospital days (29.8 to 39.8) compared with 24.3% (17.8 to 30.8) in the maize group. Case fatality rates for all 533 kwashiorkor admissions were 13.6% v 20.9%, respectively, giving a relative risk of death in the maize group of 1.54 (1.04 to 2.28). The maize group also had more clinical sepsis (60% v 31%) and less weight gain (2.9 v 4.4 g/kg/day) than the milk group. Implications-Milk is superior to a local maize based diet in the treatment of kwashiorkor in terms of mortality, weight gain, clinical sepsis, and improvement in intestinal permeability. (Arch Dis Child 1997;76:242-248)

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“…Although in some instances this may be because of limited household food availability, in many cases other factors, such as the health status of the child (2,3) and the characteristics of the diet (4), may be the primary influences on energy consumption. Several authors have reported, for example, that the high viscosity of high-energy-density, starch-containing porridges limits the amount that can be consumed (5)(6)(7)(8)(9), although others have found no benefit to liquefaction of these foods (10)(11)(12)(13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary viscosity and energy density on total daily energy consumption by young Peruvian children

Bennett

Morales

González

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background:Results of prior studies of the effect of viscosity reduction of high-energy-density, starch-containing diets on young children's energy intakes are inconsistent, possibly because of differences in the characteristics of the unmodified diets with which the low-viscosity diets were compared. Objective: Our objective was to determine the effects of dietary viscosity and energy density on total daily energy consumption by young, non-breast-fed children. Design: We measured the amount of food consumed and the duration of meals during 3 substudies, in each of which 3 study diets were offered for 4 consecutive days each in random sequence: high energy density, high viscosity (HD-HV); high energy density, low viscosity (HD-LV); and low energy density, low viscosity (LD-LV). The viscosity and energy density of the unmodified starchcontaining HD-HV diet were varied across substudies to determine whether the effect of amylase liquefaction was related to the initial characteristics of the HD-HV diet. The viscosity of the HV diets ranged from 79 000 to 568 000 mPa · s; energy density of the HD diets ranged from Ϸ4.18 to 4.93 kJ (1.00-1.18 kcal)/g. Viscosity of the LV diets was Ϸ3000 mPa · s and the energy density of the LD diets was Ϸ2.47 kJ (0.6 kcal)/g. Results:In each substudy, children consumed more of the LD-LV diet (g · kg body wt Ϫ1 · d Ϫ1 ) than of the other diets and more of the HD-LV diet than of the HD-HV diet (P < 0.001). Energy consumption from the HD-LV diet was greater than from the other diets (P < 0.001), but the energy intakes from the latter diets were not significantly different. Conclusion: Amylase liquefaction of HD-HV porridges resulted in increased energy consumption by young children.Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:285-91.

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II. Evaluation of the Impact on Growth of a Controlled 6-month Feeding Trial on Children (6-24 Months) Fed a Complementary Feed of a High Energy-Low Bulk Gruel Versus a High Energy-High Bulk Gruel in Addition to Their Habitual Home Diet

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Rise in childhood obesity with persistently high rates of undernutrition among urban school-aged Indo-Asian children

Rise in childhood obesity with persistently high rates of undernutrition among urban school-aged Indo-Asian children

Comparison of milk and maize based diets in kwashiorkor

Effects of dietary viscosity and energy density on total daily energy consumption by young Peruvian children

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