IHHNV Infection from the Wild Shrimps of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India

Co-Infection of Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) and White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) in the Wild Crustaceans of Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India

“…The earlier reports on WSSV infection also substantiates the low level of infection or nested PCR positive as obtained in this present study [ 39 , 40 ]. Co-infection was found higher in P. monodon than any other shrimp species which is also validated with the earlier reports in which the infection of WSSV and IHHNV was higher in P. monodon [ 39 , 40 , 41 ] and clearly indicates that these Islands alike Southeast Asian countries are within the geographical range of these viruses [ 3 , 17 , 60 ]. Natural viral infections with a wide range of prevalence were also observed in wild crabs of the Asian region [ 13 , 24 , 51 , 61 ].…”

“…Phylogenetic analysis showed that the IHHNV sequence obtained from the present study revealed the closest relationship with other IHHNV sequences retrieved from various countries ( Figure 2 and Supplementary Table S3 ). Similarly, the IHHNV sequence derived from the present study has emerged in the same clade as the earlier reported IHHNV sequence (Genbank accession number KU992382) obtained from the wild shrimps of Andaman and Nicobar Islands [ 41 ].…”

“…Infections of IHHNV and WSSV in the wild crustaceans of Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago have been reported by few researchers with various levels of prevalence [ 39 , 40 , 41 ]. A study conducted by ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture during 2004 in the South Andaman district revealed the presence of WSSV in wild crustaceans such as P. monodon , P. semisulcatus , F. merguiensis and Portunus pelagicus by nested PCR (unpublished).…”

“…WSSV was also detected by either first step or nested PCR in wild-caught P. monodon , F. merguiensis and Scylla serrata samples collected from South and North Andaman districts during the period 2006 to 2007 [ 39 ]. In our earlier studies, WSSV was detected in wild P. monodon samples collected from South Andaman and Nicobar districts whereas IHHNV was detected in wild P. monodon samples collected from South Andaman, North and Middle Andaman, and Nicobar districts during the period 2015 to 2016 [ 40 , 41 ]. However, there is no information available on the co-infection of crustacean viruses, namely, IHHNV and WSSV from Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago.…”

“…At present, brackishwater aquaculture is not practised as a commercial venture in the archipelago, whereas the sector has the potential to develop in the future due to the tremendous economic prospects. Only scanty reports are available on the incidences of diseases in shrimps such as vibriosis, Laem–Singh Virus, WSSV, and IHHNV in Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. However, disease screening of wild aquatic animals is necessary in order to avoid the negative impact of possible futuristic disease outbreaks in brackishwater aquaculture [ 26 ].…”