Ignorance-Preserving Mental Models Thought Experiments as Abductive Metaphors

Arfini, Selene; Casadio, Claudia; Magnani, Lorenzo

doi:10.1007/s10699-018-9564-0

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Варто відзначити й збільшення обсягу робіт, присвячених необхідності використання МЕ у науковому процесі. Наприклад, деякі вчені відносять МЕ до такої наукової діяльності як моделювання (в широкому сенсі цього слова) Arfini 2018;.…”

Section: сучасний станunclassified

Thought experiments: the philosophical and educa¬tional aspect

Myronenko¹

2023

Filos. osv. Philos. Educ.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent years, one can observe great interest in such a phenomenon as thought experiments in various fields of science and philosophy. In research, they are usually seen as tools for argumentation or presentation of some theory. The author of this article will consider thought experiments instead from the point of view of use in the educational process. Also, thought experiments will be analyzed as one of the options for checking the level of understanding of some material from the educational course, which adds creativity and creativity to the educational process not only for the teacher but also for other participants of the educational process (pupils, students, graduate students). The proposed classification of thought experiments will help improve the educational process and interest in the subject. The article provides examples from the history of philosophy and science, which illustrate the importance of thought experiments for learning and emphasize their use as a tool (or skill) when working in a specific field of science. Examples of the use of thought experiments in the educational process of different countries, recommendations from international educational organizations, and the provision of a specific algorithm for their application were given. An improvement of this process, which primarily appeals to everyday experience, is proposed. Some recommendations from the work of modern logic are given for a clearer and stricter use of such reasoning as reasoning by analogy. A comparison was made regarding the attitude to the thought experiments of such scientists as Thomas Kuhn, Karl Popper, and Georg Lichtenberg. Attention is focused on using thought experiments to improve understanding of concepts and theories and increase the creative component and interactivity during all types of classes.

show abstract

Section: сучасний станunclassified

Thought experiments: the philosophical and educa¬tional aspect

Myronenko¹

2023

Filos. osv. Philos. Educ.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Data are required for divergent thinking, so computational theories of mind treat data (accessed through the senses and memory) as critical for creativity. Yet, creativity is, nonetheless, possible in volatile and uncertain domains, where data are fragile or nonexistent 192,196 According to the mechanics of divergent thinking, more data are always better for creativity.…”

Section: How a Narrative Approach Can Address Gaps And Contradictions...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A new method for training creativity: narrative as an alternative to divergent thinking

Fletcher

Benveniste

2022

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Creativity is a major source of innovation, growth, adaptability, and psychological resilience, making it a top priority of governments, global corporations, educational institutions, and other organizations that collectively invest hundreds of millions of dollars annually into training. The current foundation of creativity training is the technique known as divergent thinking; yet for decades, concerns have been raised about the adequacy of divergent thinking: it is incongruent with the creative processes of children and most adult creatives, and it has failed to yield expected downstream results in creative production. In this article, we present an alternative approach to creativity training, based in neural processes different from those involved in divergent thinking and drawing upon a previously unused resource for creativity research: narrative theory. We outline a narrative theory of creativity training; illustrate with examples of training and assessment from our ongoing work with the U.S. Department of Defense, Fortune 50 companies, and graduate and professional schools; and explain how the theory can help fill prominent lacunae and gaps in existing creativity research, including the creativity of children, the psychological mechanisms of scientific and technological innovation, and the failure of computer artificial intelligence to replicate human creativity.

show abstract

“…We can generally describe thought experiments as heuristic tools that help us refine our pre-theoretical intuitions regarding a specific situation, which would otherwise be difficult to deal with using regular forms of argumentation (Dennett, 2013;Arfini et al, 2019). Thought experiments may help us imagine new scenarios but also evaluate existing ones in different ways.…”

Section: The Trolley Problem and Real-life Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…64, Art.7).5 But why is the Trolley Problem still one of the most discussed models to map the possible scenarios in which AVs may likely be involved in the future? One of the reasons advanced in the literatrure is that, since the Trolley Problem is a thought experiment, it is designed to trigger our moral intuitions(Dennett, 2013;Arfini et al, 2019) -an argument we briefly discuss at the end of this section.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethics of Self-driving Cars: A Naturalistic Approach

2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The potential development of self-driving cars (also known as autonomous vehicles or AVs – particularly Level 5 AVs) has called the attention of different interested parties. Yet, there are still only a few relevant international regulations on them, no emergency patterns accepted by communities and Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), and no publicly accepted solutions to some of their pending ethical problems. Thus, this paper aims to provide some possible answers to these moral and practical dilemmas. In particular, we focus on what AVs should do in no-win scenarios and on who should be held responsible for these types of decisions. A naturalistic perspective on ethics informs our proposal, which, we argue, could represent a pragmatic and realistic solution to the regulation of AVs. We discuss the proposals already set out in the current literature regarding both policy-making strategies and theoretical accounts. In fact, we consider and reject descriptive approaches to the problem as well as the option of using either a strict deontological view or a solely utilitarian one to set AVs’ ethical choices. Instead, to provide concrete answers to AVs’ ethical problems, we examine three hierarchical levels of decision-making processes: country-wide regulations, OEM policies, and buyers’ moral attitudes. By appropriately distributing ethical decisions and considering their practical implications, we maintain that our proposal based on ethical naturalism recognizes the importance of all stakeholders and allows the most able of them to take actions (the OEMs and buyers) to reflect on the moral leeway and weight of their options.

show abstract

Ignorance-Preserving Mental Models Thought Experiments as Abductive Metaphors

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Thought experiments: the philosophical and educa¬tional aspect

Thought experiments: the philosophical and educa¬tional aspect

A new method for training creativity: narrative as an alternative to divergent thinking

Ethics of Self-driving Cars: A Naturalistic Approach

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About