Ignition tests for electrical and mechanical equipment subjected to hot surfaces

Querol, Enrique; Torrent, Javier García; Bennett, Don; Gummer, J.; Fritze, J.-P

doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2006.03.007

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Wheat grain dust and bread-making wheat were the materials with the highest K max and P max values, whilst lowest values were recorded for alfalfa and soybean dust. In the case of alfalfa, P max values were similar to those provided by the NFPA-61 (2008) [32] but, K max values and moisture content were different. More detailed information about the samples is required in order to obtain conclusions.…”

Section: Explosion Severitysupporting

confidence: 68%

“…These values correspond to two different practical situations. Dust deposited in a layer implies the risk of fire: it usually needs more time to ignite than when it is forming a cloud, but reaches ignition at lower temperatures (the lower the temperature, the thicker the layer of settled dust [32]). The explosion is produced when the dust is dispersed, forming a cloud.…”

Section: Ignition Sensibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of parameters used to prevent ignition of stored materials and to protect against explosions in food industries

Ramírez

Torrent

Rodríguez

2009

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Section: Explosion Severitysupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Ignition Sensibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of parameters used to prevent ignition of stored materials and to protect against explosions in food industries

Ramírez

Torrent

Rodríguez

2009

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Querol and co-workers used a hot plate apparatus to investigate the ignition temperature of different configurations of dust layers and cones. [27] Of interest is the reported difference in test results due to two different methods for controlling the heating element. The constant temperature control method utilized variable power to the hot plate to reach a steady temperature at the surface of the hot plate throughout a test.…”

Section: Cartridge Heaters and Hot Platesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential alternate smoldering ignition sources: literature review with analysis

Robbins¹,

Gann²

2011

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Existing and proposed U.S. flammability standards for soft furnishings such as mattresses and upholstered furniture specify a "standard" cigarette as the ignition source in smoldering resistance performance tests. With the introduction of reduced ignition propensity cigarettes into the marketplace, the specific conventional cigarette that has been widely used in testing for ignition resistance is no longer in production. A standard reference cigarette, SRM 1196, has been developed as a short-term replacement. However, to support furnishings manufacturers and testing organizations in product design and evaluation, and to assist regulators in the compliance evaluation process, a feasible and preferably non-agricultural ignition source with long-term availability is desirable. A key first step in establishing such a standard ignition source is examination of prior characterizations of smoldering ignition sources and the cigarette ignition process. This report documents a literature survey on these topics.

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“…Querol et al . carried out ignition tests on electrical and mechanical equipment subjected to heated surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo‐physical and kinetics parameters determination and gases emissions of self‐ignition of sieved rice husk of different sizes on a hot plate

El‐Sayed

Khass

Mostafa

2017

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Hot plate self-ignition standard tests at constant temperature have been performed on a paddle rice husk of size 75 to 1500 μm and a sieved rice husk of sizes 75 : 106, 106 : 120, and 120 : 150 μm. Modified tests using insulated metal ring have been investigated and compared with the standard test. Gases emissions showed that CO is the main component, and its maximum percentage occurs at the maximum temperature and depends on the dust layer thickness. It was found that as the thickness of dust layer increases, the maximum temperature and its corresponding time increase. Ring with insulation showed lower maximum and ignition temperature and ignition time compared with that without insulation. The flue gases temperature and CO% and CO 2 % emissions were higher in case of insulated ring. Thermal and physical properties as density, thermal conductivity, heat transfer coefficient, and kinetic parameters as activation energy and frequency factor have been determined. The activation energy of the sieved husk (75 : 106, 106 : 120, 120 : 150 μm) and paddle husk was 174. 76, 183.37, 189.1, and 206.1 kJ/mol, respectively. Also, (QA 0 ) factors were 2.696 × 10 14 , 6.211 × 10 16 , 6.105 × 10 19 and 3.0461 × 10 16 (J/kg s), respectively. It has been noted that as the dust particle size increases, the (E) and (QA 0 ) values increase.

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Ignition tests for electrical and mechanical equipment subjected to hot surfaces

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Determination of parameters used to prevent ignition of stored materials and to protect against explosions in food industries

Determination of parameters used to prevent ignition of stored materials and to protect against explosions in food industries

Potential alternate smoldering ignition sources: literature review with analysis

Thermo‐physical and kinetics parameters determination and gases emissions of self‐ignition of sieved rice husk of different sizes on a hot plate

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