Ignition of Nanoparticles by a Compact Camera Flash

Badakhshan, Alireza; Danczyk, Stephen A.

doi:10.21236/ada614547

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…As already reported in the literature, the luminous energy value needed to trigger the ignition of SWCNT/Fe decreases with increasing Fe [7–11]. In this work, even if a different type of light source (i.e., CW Xe lamp instead of pulsed Xe lamp) has been used, a similar dependence between the ferrocene concentration and the minimum power needed for ignition was observed.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

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Photo-ignition process of multiwall carbon nanotubes and ferrocene by continuous wave Xe lamp illumination

Visconti¹,

Primiceri²,

Longo³

et al. 2017

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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This work aims to investigate and characterize the photo-ignition phenomenon of MWCNT/ferrocene mixtures by using a continuous wave (CW) xenon (Xe) light source, in order to find the power ignition threshold by employing a different type of light source as was used in previous research (i.e., pulsed Xe lamp). The experimental photo-ignition tests were carried out by varying the weight ratio of the used mixtures, luminous power, and wavelength range of the incident Xe light by using selective optical filters. For a better explanation of the photo-induced ignition process, the absorption spectra of MWCNT/ferrocene mixtures and ferrocene only were obtained. The experimental results show that the luminous power (related to the entire spectrum of the Xe lamp) needed to trigger the ignition of MWCNT/ferrocene mixtures decreases with increasing metal nanoparticles content according to previously published results when using a different type of light source (i.e., pulsed vs CW Xe light source). Furthermore, less light power is required to trigger photo-ignition when moving towards the ultraviolet (UV) region. This is in agreement with the measured absorption spectra, which present higher absorption values in the UV–vis region for both MWCNT/ferrocene mixtures and ferrocene only diluted in toluene. Finally, a chemo-physical interpretation of the ignition phenomenon is proposed whereby ferrocene photo-excitation, due to photon absorption, produces ferrocene itself in its excited form and is thus capable of promoting electron transfer to MWCNTs. In this way, the resulting radical species, FeCp2+∙ and MWCNT−, easily react with oxygen giving rise to the ignition of MWCNT/ferrocene samples.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The reported results showed that a higher concentration of Fe reduces the minimum energy needed to trigger ignition [8–9]. The same results were also confirmed by other published research works [10–11]. …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Photo-ignition process of multiwall carbon nanotubes and ferrocene by continuous wave Xe lamp illumination

Visconti¹,

Primiceri²,

Longo³

et al. 2017

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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“…The discovery of the photo-ignition phenomenon of SWC-NTs or MWCNTs enriched with metal nano-particles presents considerable practical and commercial implications such as to attract significant interest from companies and international research organizations, first of all of those operating in the automotive and aeronautical field. In fact, the ignition phenomenon can be employed for triggering the combustion of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels (Badakhshan & Danczyk, 2014;Badakhshan, Danczyk, Wirth, & Pilon, 2011;Chehroudi, 2011Chehroudi, , 2012b. Furthermore, the photo-ignited nanoparticles allow to obtain a more distributed and homogeneous fuel combustion (Carlucci et al, 2014;Carlucci & Strafella, 2015;Johansson, 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This experimental result is unexpected if compared with those found in literature where it is reported that a higher content of ferrocene facilitates the ignition. However, the photo-sensitive material used in our experimental tests is different from that used in literature; in this work, we have used MWCNTs-ferrocene mixtures while, in already published research works, samples of SWCNTs with 50% (by weight) Fe contents were tested (Badakhshan & Danczyk, 2014;Chehroudi, 2012b).…”

Section: Minimum Ignition Energy Found By Varying the Luminous Pulse mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photo-induced ignition phenomenon of carbon nanotubes by Xenon pulsed light: Ignition tests analysis, automotive and new potential applications, future developments

Primiceri

Fazio

Strafella

et al. 2017

Journal of Applied Research and Technology

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The possibility to use carbon nanotubes (CNTs) enriched with a certain amount of metal nanoparticles for photo-inducing the combustion of liquid fuel sprays, gaseous and solid fuels was investigated in different research works. CNTs photo-ignition phenomenon has been used to trigger the combustion of different fuel typologies, demonstrating better features compared with those obtained by employing a traditional spark-plug. These improvements are due to the presence of distributed ignition nuclei inside the combustion chamber, so obtaining better values of the peak pressure, ignition delay and combustion duration. In this work, the CNTs photo-ignition phenomenon has been analyzed in order to find the minimum energy values needed to trigger the ignition, by varying the light pulse parameters and the nanoparticles concentration, Multi Wall CNTs (MWCNTs)-ferrocene, by weight. Afterwards, the results of combustion processes, triggered by using the nanoparticles, are shown comparing them with those obtained by means the spark plug and with results already published related to other fuel typologies. Hence, an overview of the possible applications of this photo-ignition phenomenon, beside that of the automotive field, is presented, also considering the disadvantages of the Xe-lamp based triggering system. Therefore, after a critical discussion on the light source typology until now used (Xenon lamp), by reporting the possible contraindications deriving from the use of this light source in most of the applicative fields, a solution is here proposed. It involves the substitution of the Xe lamp with LED sources, showing also the related experimental setup. This solution is also strengthened by the our experimental observations of CNTs photo-ignition by using high-power white LEDs as light source, never reported up to now in the literature, and by better characteristics of adaptability, robustness, easy driving and benefits provided by the LEDs rather than the Xenon lamp.

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“…A quantitative analysis of the photo-ignition process of as-produced SWCNTs (with 50% Fe content), with varying pulse duration and wavelength ranges, was reported in [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]; the results highlighted that, regardless of the wavelength ranges of the incident light beam, the MIE (minimum ignition energy) values depend on the light pulse duration. In particular, a 30–35 mJ/pulse was required for igniting an uncompacted sample in steady air with a light pulse duration of 0.1 ms, whereas the 80–90 mJ/pulse had a pulse duration of 9 ms [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Photo-Ignition of Carbon Nanotubes/Ferrocene Using a Lipophilic Porphyrin under White Power LED Irradiation

et al. 2018

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The aim of this work is to investigate and characterize the photo-ignition process of dry multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) mixed with ferrocene (FeCp2) powder, using an LED (light-emitting diode) as the light source, a combination that has never been used, to the best of our knowledge. The ignition process was improved by adding a lipophilic porphyrin (H2Pp) in powder to the MWCNTs/FeCp2 mixtures—thus, a lower ignition threshold was obtained. The ignition tests were carried out by employing a continuous emission and a pulsed white LED in two test campaigns. In the first, two MWCNT typologies, high purity (HP) and industrial grade (IG), were used without porphyrin, obtaining, for both, similar ignition thresholds. Furthermore, comparing ignition thresholds obtained with the LED source with those previously obtained with a Xenon (Xe) lamp, a significant reduction was observed. In the second test campaign, ignition tests were carried out by means of a properly driven and controlled pulsed XHP70 LED source. The minimum ignition energy (MIE) of IG-MWCNTs/FeCp2 samples was determined by varying the duration of the light pulse. Experimental results show that ignition is obtained with a pulse duration of 110 ms and a MIE density of 266 mJ/cm2. The significant reduction of the MIE value (10–40%), observed when H2Pp in powder form was added to the MWCNTs/FeCp2 mixtures, was ascribed to the improved photoexcitation and charge transfer properties of the lipophilic porphyrin molecules.

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Ignition of Nanoparticles by a Compact Camera Flash

Abstract: This report is published in the interest of scientific and technical information exchange, and its publication does not constitute the Government's approval or disapproval of its ideas or findings.

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Photo-ignition process of multiwall carbon nanotubes and ferrocene by continuous wave Xe lamp illumination

Photo-ignition process of multiwall carbon nanotubes and ferrocene by continuous wave Xe lamp illumination

Photo-induced ignition phenomenon of carbon nanotubes by Xenon pulsed light: Ignition tests analysis, automotive and new potential applications, future developments

Improved Photo-Ignition of Carbon Nanotubes/Ferrocene Using a Lipophilic Porphyrin under White Power LED Irradiation

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