Ignition of hydrogen jet fires from high pressure storage

Keßler, Armin; Schreiber, Andrea; Wassmer, C.; Deimling, L.; Knapp, Sebastian; Weiser, Volker; Sachsenheimer, Kerstin; Langer, Gesa; Eisenreich, N.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.05.116

Cited by 27 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Thereafter, the flame gradually developed into a slug flame, and, finally, the jet flame was formed. This result is consistent with the experimental results obtained by Kitabayashi et al and Kessler et al A special flame development process was found in these experiments, as detailed in Figure .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Experimental Investigation of the Self-Ignition and Jet Flame of Hydrogen Jets Released under Different Conditions

Pan¹,

Yan

Jiang

et al. 2019

ACS Omega

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Hydrogen is a promising clean energy source and an important chemical raw material. To use hydrogen energy more safely, a high-pressure hydrogen-release platform for hydrogen self-ignition and for generating hydrogen jet flames under different experimental conditions was investigated in this study. The associated experimental analysis was based on the theory of high-pressure hydrogen tube diffusion. We found that the higher the initial release pressure, the greater the intensity of the leading shock. When the initial release pressure was high and the leading shock intensity was strong, hydrogen was more likely to ignite spontaneously inside the tube. The higher the initial release pressure, the faster the average propagation speed of the shock in the same pipe length. The time during which a stable leading shock was formed inside the tube may be related to the initial release pressure. It was found that flame combustion intensified after the passage of air through a Mach disk, and a stable flame was formed more easily at the jet boundary layer away from the orifice axis. The maximum speed of the flame tip and the flame decay speed were very high. Moreover, the flame length and the diameter of the ball flame first increased and then decreased.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Experimental Investigation of the Self-Ignition and Jet Flame of Hydrogen Jets Released under Different Conditions

Pan¹,

Yan

Jiang

et al. 2019

ACS Omega

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“…Furthermore, experimental observations on ignition of high pressure gas releases shown a spherical broadening of the jet fire head during the first stage of the release (0-400 ms). The spherical zone was characterized by intense radiation in studies [23]- [24]. This dynamics and flame stages were not detected in simulation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Simulation of thermal hazards from hydrogen under-expanded jet fire

Cirrone

Макаров

Molkov

2019

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Thermal hazards from an under-expanded (900 bar) hydrogen jet fire have been numerically investigated. The simulation results have been compared with the flame length and radiative heat flux measured for the horizontal jet fire experiment conducted at INERIS. The release blowdown characteristics have been modelled using the volumetric source as an expanded implementation of the notional nozzle concept. The CFD study employs the realizable κ-ε model for turbulence and the Eddy Dissipation Concept for combustion. Radiation has been taken into account through the Discrete Ordinates (DO) model. The results demonstrated good agreement with the experimental flame length. Performance of the model shall be improved to reproduce the radiative properties dynamics during the first stage of the release (time < 10 s), whereas, during the remaining blowdown time, the simulated radiative heat flux at five sensors followed the trend observed in the experiment.

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“…In these experiments, internal spattering materials had a significant influence on the jet fire, which determined the fire structure and combustion behaviors. Jet development is primarily dependent on the release conditions, including internal pressure, mass flow rate, and momentum . Compared with gas jet fire, the bright jet flame of LIBs was assumed to be attributed to the occurrence of a drastic combustion of internal combustible materials rather than to a gas explosion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical analysis of lithium‐ion battery failure characteristics under different states of charge

Jiang

Wang

et al. 2018

Fire and Materials

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Summary Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are extensively applied in various portable electronic equipment because of their high energy density power. However, accidents related to LIBs frequently occur. This study focuses on failure results, characteristics, and phenomena. Lithium‐ion batteries under different states of charge (SOCs) (0%, 30%, 50%, 80%, 100%, and 120%) at high temperatures have been investigated with the thermal abuse test. During the experiments, several typical failure processes were captured. According to the phenomena, 2 failure modes (smoke and jet fire) and 3 stages (primary reaction, tempestuous reaction in the middle time period, and extinguishing reaction in the final stage) were observed. A substantial amount of gas was vented, and jet fire was detected in the middle period. Only gas vented when the SOC was lower than 50%, whereas vented gas and jet fire were detected simultaneously when the SOC exceeded 50%. The results indicated combustible behaviors and exothermic reactions related to the SOC. An increase in the SOC caused a decrease in the thermal runaway initial temperature and the maximum increase in temperature. A higher SOC determined intense chemical reactions in the cell at higher temperatures, which caused a significant amount of materials to spew out of the batteries as well as additional mass loss. Relationships between failure characteristics and internal reactions were analyzed. The SOC should be lower than 50% in transportation or storage. The intercalated lithium capacities were the main reason for the series of domino reactions, which caused runaway in the terminal. These studies can serve as a reference for safety applications, transportation, and loss prevention in LIBs.

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Ignition of hydrogen jet fires from high pressure storage

Cited by 27 publications

References 19 publications

Experimental Investigation of the Self-Ignition and Jet Flame of Hydrogen Jets Released under Different Conditions

Experimental Investigation of the Self-Ignition and Jet Flame of Hydrogen Jets Released under Different Conditions

Simulation of thermal hazards from hydrogen under-expanded jet fire

Theoretical analysis of lithium‐ion battery failure characteristics under different states of charge

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