Ignition modes of nanosecond discharge with bubbles in distilled water

Microwave Plasma Jet in Water: Characterization and Feasibility to Wastewater Treatment

“…When we take the example of in-liquid plasmas generated by nanosecond discharges, these discharges are generated with or without gaseous bubbles, and usually run in spark mode [16][17][18] (i.e., the plasma channel connects two electrodes) or in streamer mode [4][5][6] (i.e., the plasma channel is connected to one electrode). In the case of a spark mode, the plasma-electrode interaction is relatively strong, which leads to erosion issue [19][20][21] and reduces a lifetime of electrodes.…”

“…In addition, when a size of gaseous bubble is comparable to the inter-electrodes distance, the electrode erosion is also significant [17,18].…”

Characterization of a microwave plasma jet (TIAGO) in‐contact with water: Application in degradation of methylene blue dye

“…[4][5][6] The efficiencies of several plasma configurations in eliminating persistent organic pollutants from water have been assessed and reported. These include plasma in-contact with liquid, [7,8] plasma in liquid, [9][10][11] plasma in gaseous bubbles in a liquid, [12][13][14] and plasma in liquid droplets in gas. [15,16] Depending on the electrical source and/or the geometry of the system, the plasma may have different characteristics, leading to variations in the plasma-liquid interactions at the interface, which ultimately influences the induced physics and chemistry in liquid.…”

Low-dielectric layer increases nanosecond electric discharges in distilled water

“…With gaseous bubbles, a discontinuity in ε changes the spatial distribution of the electric field and causes locally augmented field intensity at the bubble-liquid interface. 14,15 Although the breakdown voltage can be lowered with gaseous bubbles, 12,16 the interaction between the plasma and liquid is limited because the discharge occurs in the gaseous bubbles. For this reason, for high processing efficiency, direct discharges into liquid are preferred.…”

“…Although a dynamic model should be a preferred approach to fully explain the experimental result, we believe that a static model is sufficient to explain the role of the interfacial position on the onset of discharges because it is primarily governed by field intensity based on previous literature. 15 The exact experimental configuration was calculated in three dimensions. The spatial distribution of the EF for various interface positions in the y-z plane is presented in Figure 5 intensity of EF at the tip of the anode increased from 3.7×10 8 to 8.3×10 8 V/m (more than two fold) when h decreased from 7 to 0.05 mm ( Figure 5(b)).…”