Ignition and combustion of aluminum in carbon dioxide streams

Yuasa, Saburo; Sogo, Sakurako; Isoda, Hiroshi

doi:10.1016/s0082-0784(06)80213-4

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Some studies have used AlO emission to also study the ignition of aluminum [13,16,17,23,29,30,34]. Others have studied the spatial and/or temporal evolution of the aluminum combustion [18,[35][36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On AlO Emission Spectroscopy as a Diagnostic in Energetic Materials Testing

Peuker

Lynch

Krier

et al. 2013

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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The emission of AlO is commonly observed in tests involving aluminum combustion in propellants and explosives. Such emission has been used as a signature of combustion, as a tool for measuring ignition and reaction times, and as a thermometer. This paper provides a critical review of methodologies exploiting AlO emission spectroscopy as a quantitative tool in energetics testing. Controlled tests involving aluminized explosives, as well as those using added alumina, are conducted, in which AlO emission is quantified and compared to total oxidation in the final residue. Experimental parameters such as optical depth and fireball confinement are systematically varied to examine the effect on AlO emission. We find that thermometry using AlO remains valid, and a new approach to using low resolution spectra is proposed. However, AlO emission spectroscopy or photometry can be quantitatively correlated to ignition and burning time, or used to infer the presence or absence of aluminum combustion, only under a limited set of circumstances. Factors that limit the ability to use AlO emission quantitatively are discussed in depth.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On AlO Emission Spectroscopy as a Diagnostic in Energetic Materials Testing

Peuker

Lynch

Krier

et al. 2013

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…Because of the large negative enthalpies of formation of both liquid and solid Al 2 O 3 , −387.325 and −400.5 kcal/mol, the oxidation of metallic aluminum to either of these products is accompanied by a heat release of more than 7 kcal/g of aluminum. This potential as an energy source, as well as the ability of aluminum particles to help reduce combustion instability in rocket motors, has led to their frequent use as an ingredient in propellant formulations. , There is accordingly a continuing effort, through extensive experimental and modeling studies, to develop a better quantitative understanding of the processes involved in aluminum ignition and combustion. − Considerable thermodynamic and kinetic data are required as input for the modeling (e.g., heats of formation, activation barriers, etc. ), some of which are not currently available or are not reliable. , For example, Belyung et al have quoted heats of reaction with uncertainties of as much as 22 kcal/mol .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energetics of Aluminum Combustion

2001

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Aluminum continues to be of great interest as a fuel in propellant formulations. Quantitative modeling of the multistep ignition and combustion processes requires considerable thermodynamic and kinetic data, some of which are currently not available or not reliable. We have accordingly carried out CBS-QB3 calculations of the enthalpies and free energies, at 298 and 2000 K, of atoms and molecules that are likely to be involved in the combustion of aluminum-based propellants. These have been used to find the respective heats of formation, as well as the heats of reaction and equilibrium constants for numerous possible steps in the ignition/combustion processes. In a few instances, we also determined transition states and activation barriers. Certain interesting aspects of the results are discussed in greater detail.

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“…AlO has been observed by Yuasa et al in Al/CO 2 experiments using AlO emission spectroscopy in the visible range [30], by Bucher et al [31] using AlO laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), by Driscoll et al [32] using AlO emission spectroscopy, and by Vanpée et al [33] in trimethylaluminum-oxygen flames, among others. AlO has been identified mass spectrometrically to be a vapor species above solid alumina [34].…”

Section: Aluminum Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Thermochemistry of aluminum species for combustion modeling from Ab Initio molecular orbital calculations

Swihart

Catoire

2000

Combustion and Flame

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High accuracy ab initio methods for computational thermochemistry have been applied to aluminum compounds expected to be present during combustion of aluminum particles. The computed enthalpies of formation at 298.15 K agree well with experimental values from the literature for AlCl, AlCl 3 , AlO, AlOAl, linear OAlO, planar Al 2 O 2 , AlOH, AlH, and AlN. The agreement is fair for AlCl 2 . Major revisions to the recommended thermochemistry must be considered for OAlCl, OAlH, OAlOH, and AlC. This is not surprising since the thermodynamic data for OAlCl, OAlH, OAlOH, and AlC are given in the literature as rough estimates. Calculated thermochemical data are also presented for several species never studied experimentally, including AlH 2 , AlH 3 , AlOO, cyclic-AlO 2 , linear AlOAlO, AlHCl, AlHCl 2 , and others. Based on the performance of the CBS-Q and G2 methods observed in other systems, the calculated enthalpies of formation would be expected to be accurate to within Ϯ1 to 2 kcal mol Ϫ1 . However, relatively large differences between the results from the CBS-Q and G2 methods for the aluminum oxides indicate that the uncertainties are slightly larger for these compounds. The thermochemistry proposed here is shown to predict substantially different equilibrium composition from the thermochemistry previously available in the literature.

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Ignition and combustion of aluminum in carbon dioxide streams

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

On AlO Emission Spectroscopy as a Diagnostic in Energetic Materials Testing

On AlO Emission Spectroscopy as a Diagnostic in Energetic Materials Testing

Energetics of Aluminum Combustion

Thermochemistry of aluminum species for combustion modeling from Ab Initio molecular orbital calculations

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