Igneous and detrital zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf geochronology of the late Meso- to Neoproterozoic northwest Botswana rift: Maximum depositional age and provenance of the Ghanzi Group, Kalahari Copperbelt, Botswana and Namibia

Hall, Wesley S.; Hitzman, Murray W.; Kuiper, Yvette D.; Kylander-Clark, Andrew R.C.; Holm-Denoma, Christopher S.; Moscati, Richard J.; Plink‐Björklund, Piret; Enders, M. Stephen

doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2018.10.001

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…The GCZ records bimodal magmatism at 1106–1085 Ma (Schwartz et al, 1995; Hall, Hitzman, et al, 2018) and inversion at ~600–480 Ma associated with the Damaran orogenesis (e.g., Modie, 1996; Schwartz et al, 1996; Gray et al, 2008). The Pan‐African Damara orogenesis formed the present‐day structural configuration of the KCB.…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Kgwebe Formation has been defined as a prominent 250‐km long structural anticlinorium within the central section of the GCZ (Schwartz et al, 1996; Figure 1). The volcanic rocks of this formation consist of within‐plate, low Ti‐P continental tholeiite and post‐orogenic within‐plate, high‐K rhyolite (Kampunzu et al, 1998; Hall, Hitzman, et al, 2018), which are intercalated with a metasedimentary package (e.g., Lehmann et al, 2015). In terms of geochronology, the porphyritic rhyolite from Mabeleapodi Hills yielded a U–Pb zircon isotope dilution‐thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID‐TIMS) crystallization age of 1,106 ± 2 Ma (Schwartz et al, 1995).…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent advances in understanding the geology and origin of Cu‐Ag mineralization in the KCB is a result of in‐depth studies on subjects spanning regional‐ to deposit‐scale characterization and delineation of the KCB (e.g., Schwartz et al, 1995; Gorman, 2013; Morgan, 2013; Shephard, 2014; Lehmann et al, 2015; Hall et al, 2018), depositional environment, geochronology (e.g., Modie, 1996, 2000; Hall, Hitzman, et al, 2018; Hall et al, 2021) and provenance and distribution of metals (e.g., Schwartz et al, 1995; Modie, 1996, 2000; Kelepile et al, 2017, 2020; Hall, Hitzman, et al, 2018). These studies altogether suggest that the litho‐structural control, permeability, metal source, sulfur source, and a reductant (in‐situ or mobile) were key elements for precipitation of the Cu‐Ag ores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagenetic and epigenetic origins for Cu‐Ag mineralization in the Khoemacau Zone 5 deposit, Kalahari Copperbelt, northwestern Botswana

et al. 2022

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In the Kalahari Copperbelt, the mechanism of regional scale Cu-Ag mineralization has remained intensely debated between early diagenesis and a single pass during a regional deformation event. At the Zone 5 Cu-Ag deposit in northwestern Botswana, the orebody is hosted preferentially by chemically reduced metasedimentary rocks that overly oxidized, hematite-bearing arkosic sandstone. An early diagenetic mineralizing event has been identified which is characterized by fine-grained stratiform pyrite, including recrystallized framboidal pyrite, intergrown with diagenetic mineral assemblages in the host-rock. Diagenetic pyrite is in textural equilibrium with chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, and (Fe-Co-Ni) sulfarsenide. These minerals were subsequently overprinted by a more intense, multi-stage, structurally-controlled hydrothermal Cu-Ag mineralization event related to the Damaran orogeny ($600-480 Ma). The hydrothermal Cu-Ag mineralization was deposited from hot ($236-265 C), high salinity (19-24.6 wt% NaCl equiv.) hydrothermal ore fluids. Petrographic results reveal an apparent overlap in trace metal associations (Cu, Fe, As, Zn, Pb, Ni, Co) between the two mineralizing events, which can be explained by remobilization of precursor sulfides. The major Ag-carriers in the ore are chalcocite, covellite, and bornite. The δ 34 S values of diagenetic pyrite range from À35.8 to +11.4‰, whereas those of hydrothermal epigenetic sulfides, including pyrite, range from À28.0 to +3.0‰. We propose that the hydrothermal sulfides had acquired some bacterially-reduced sulfur from earlier-formed minerals. The δ 18 O and δ 13 C values of quartz and calcite associated with the hydrothermal mineralization are typical of Neoproterozoic sediment-hosted Cu-Ag deposits. However, the δ 18 O isotopic values of the calcite gangue are anomalously depleted, which is likely due to recrystallization under metamorphic conditions. Our studies at Zone 5 indicate that the Zone 5 Cu-Ag deposit is the result of a multi-stage mineralization history that includes both diagenetic and epigenetic events (punctuated by >400 m.y.) facilitated by a strong litho-structural control.

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Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagenetic and epigenetic origins for Cu‐Ag mineralization in the Khoemacau Zone 5 deposit, Kalahari Copperbelt, northwestern Botswana

et al. 2022

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“…Key: (1) shelf succesion, (2) glacial rocks, (3) extensional environment, (4) compressional setting, ( 5 Gaucher et al (2005). Southern African terranes/subprovinces (Cornell et al, 2006;Miller, 2008;Frimmel et al, 2013;Macey et al, 2017;Hall et al, 2018) J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Goldstein et al (1984) c For samples with 147 Sm/ 144 Nd>0.13, the 2-stage Nd model of Keto and Jacobsen (1987) was used for calculation of the Nd model ages J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f…”

Section: Correlations With the Namaqua-natal Beltmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tectonostratigraphic map of SE South America and southern Africa, in a predrift Gondwana configuration, modified fromGaucher et al (2005). Southern African terranes/subprovinces(Cornell et al, 2006;Miller, 2008;Frimmel et al, 2013;Macey et al, 2017;Hall et al, 2018): KT: Konkiep Terrane, MT: Marmora Terrane, MmT: Malmesbury Terrane, RT: Richtersveld Terrane/Subprovince. RBI: Rehoboth Basement Inlier.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tapes Complex (Nico Pérez Terrane, Uruguay): Constraining the Mesoproterozoic evolution of the Río de la Plata Craton

Gaucher

Samaniego

Will

et al. 2021

Journal of South American Earth Sciences

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This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

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3D electrical resistivity investigation and subsurface imaging of the Kasane warm spring area, northwest Botswana

Babi,

Nthaba,

Kgosidintsi

et al. 2024

Acta Geophys.

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Igneous and detrital zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf geochronology of the late Meso- to Neoproterozoic northwest Botswana rift: Maximum depositional age and provenance of the Ghanzi Group, Kalahari Copperbelt, Botswana and Namibia

Cited by 17 publications

References 113 publications

Diagenetic and epigenetic origins for Cu‐Ag mineralization in the Khoemacau Zone 5 deposit, Kalahari Copperbelt, northwestern Botswana

Diagenetic and epigenetic origins for Cu‐Ag mineralization in the Khoemacau Zone 5 deposit, Kalahari Copperbelt, northwestern Botswana

The Tapes Complex (Nico Pérez Terrane, Uruguay): Constraining the Mesoproterozoic evolution of the Río de la Plata Craton

3D electrical resistivity investigation and subsurface imaging of the Kasane warm spring area, northwest Botswana

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