IgG1 and IgG4 serum antibody responses in asymptomatic and clinically expressed cystic echinococcosis patients

Shambesh, Mohamed; Craig, Philip S.; Wen, Hao; Rogan, M. T.; Paolillo, Emily W

doi:10.1016/s0001-706x(96)00637-7

Cited by 59 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…27 It has also been recently shown that IgG subclass (G1 and G4) seropositive rates can vary significantly between asymptomatic and clinically advanced CE patients. 42 The Libyan CE study also demonstrated that use of filter paper blood eluates is feasible for mass population serologic screening for human CE, as indicated by others. 43 Fingerprick blood sampling was well received and accepted by all individuals in the Libyan study, and had the advantage of rapid collection, ease of storage, and transport.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

An extensive ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis in northern Libya.

Shambesh¹,

Craig²,

Macpherson³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

112

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Abstract. A prevalence study of abdominal cystic echinococcosis (CE) was undertaken in the northwest, northcentral, and northeast regions of Libya. A total of 36 villages along the coast were included, in which 20,220 people were screened by portable ultrasound. Three hundred thirty-nine (1.7%) were diagnosed with CE. There was no significant difference between CE prevalence rates in the three regions of Libya (mean ϭ 1.6%); however, intervillage rates were variable, ranging from 0% to 4.5%. The prevalence of CE increased significantly with age (P Ͻ 0.0001) and females were significantly more affected (2%) than males (1.3%) (P Ͻ 0.0001). Cases of CE were distributed among 3.2% of housewives, 2.6% of farmers, 2.3% of male civil servants, 1.3% of female students, and 1.1% of male students. Housewives (P Ͻ 0.0001) and students (P Ͻ 0.0001) were significantly more at risk for CE. A statistically significant proportion (62% [210 of 339]) of CE cases kept dogs (P Ͻ 0.0001). Of the ultrasound-positive CE cases 69% (233 of 339) were antibody seropositive by ELISA using Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst fluid antigen B. Blood samples (n ϭ 10,096) collected onto filter papers were taken randomly from ultrasound-negative people who entered the study, of which 11.2% were found to be seropositive. Seropositivity increased with age (P Ͻ 0.0001), with females exhibiting higher seroprevalence than males for all age groups (P Ͻ 0.0001). Seroprevalence was distributed occupationally among 17.3% of female students, 11.2% of male students, 8.3% of housewives, 7.3% of farmers, and 6.4% of male civil servants. Housewives and students were more likely to be seropositive (P Ͻ 0.0001). Forty-seven percent (526) of the seroreactors kept dogs. All liver hydatid cysts detected by ultrasound during community screening were classified according to morphology and size into six types. Type I (17.5% of all cases) were small univesicular cysts less than 50 mm in diameter with no laminations or daughter cysts. Type II (34%) were univesicular cysts with only laminations. Type IIIa (8.5%) were univesicular cysts with the appearance of laminations and daughter cysts. Type IIIb (13%) were univesicular with laminations and less prominent daughter cysts. Type IV (5.6%) presented as a solid mass. Type V were degenerated calcified or partially calcified cysts (13.2%). Type VI presented as multiple cysts (8% of all cases). The CE cases that exhibited Types II, IIIa, IIIb, IV or VI cysts showed the highest seropositivity (86%, 96%, 95%, 100%, and 96%, respectively), while Types I and V were the least seroreactive (38% and 22%, respectively). Cases of CE occurred in 311 families, with 93% having only one member as a CE case while 7% of the families had two or more cases. However, 25% of the ultrasound-negative persons belonging to families with an index CE case were seropositive for antibodies to Echinococcus. These results confirm the importance of human CE in Libya. They also confirm the usefulness of ultrasound combined with serology as a mass screeni...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

An extensive ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis in northern Libya.

Shambesh¹,

Craig²,

Macpherson³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…¥, sera taken 1 month after a second surgery. their usefulness as a marker for parasite development has already been discussed (7,8,33,35). In conclusion, serology with PSSA appears to be a useful approach for postsurgical follow-up, especially when applied in immunoblotting based upon the detection of the 27-and 28-kDa doublet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Assessment of Echinococcus granulosus Somatic Protoscolex Antigens for Serological Follow-Up of Young Patients Surgically Treated for Cystic Echinococcosis

et al. 2008

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Echinococcus granulosus protoscolex soluble somatic antigens (PSSAs) were assessed for their prognostic value in the serological follow-up of young patients treated for cystic echinococcosis (CE), compared to conventional hydatid fluid (HF) antigen. Based on different clinical courses and outcome of infection, as well as imaging findings, patients were retrospectively classified into two different groups including either cured CE (CCE; i.e., absence of active cysts or presence of inactive cysts, respectively) and noncured CE (NCCE) patients still presenting active cysts at the end of an up to 5-year follow-up period. An immunoglobulin G (IgG)-PSSA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed a gradual decrease in antibody levels in CCE cases, reaching seronegativity in 20% of the cases at least within 5 years postsurgery. In comparison, the conventional IgG-HF ELISA showed a significantly lower progressive decrease in antibody levels, serology becoming negative in only 15% of CCE patients at the endpoint of the follow-up period. Serological analysis of PSSA by immunoblotting yielded an interesting immunoreactive double band of 27 and 28 kDa that, in 15 (75%) of 20 CCE cases, exhibited a rapid decrease and subsequent disappearance of respective antibody reactivities within 3 years postsurgery. Conversely, anti-27-and -28-kDa antibody reactivity strongly persisted until the endpoint of the follow-up period in all of the five NCCE patients. Further analysis of the 27-and 28-kDa doublet by using affinity-purified antibodies showed that the double band was not detectable in HF. Furthermore, a predominantly IgG4 subclass-restricted humoral immune response against the 27-and 28-kDa antigens was demonstrated in seroreactive CE patients. Overall, an anti-27-and -28-kDa response appeared to correlate with cyst activity. In conclusion, PSSA represents a useful candidate to carry out a serologic follow-up of CE subsequent to treatment and deserves further respective evaluation for other age groups of CE patients.

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“…In humans there is frequent occurrence of elevated antibody levels, particularly of the IgG, IgM, and IgE isotypes (46,52,64,113,114,197,206,243). In seropositive individuals, there tends to be a predominance of IgG1 and IgG4 antibody recognition of antigen 5 (Ag5) and antigen B (AgB) (see below), respectively (2,52,129,233,243,258). This is of some value with respect to immunodiagnosis and is discussed below.…”

Section: Established Cystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concepts in Immunology and Diagnosis of Hydatid Disease

2003

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Echinococcosis is a cosmopolitan zoonosis caused by adult or larval stages of cestodes belonging to the genus Echinococcus (family Taeniidae). The two major species of medical and public health importance are Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis, which cause cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE), respectively. Both CE and AE are both serious diseases, the latter especially so, with a high fatality rate and poor prognosis if managed inappropriately. This review discusses new concepts and approaches in the immunology and diagnosis of CE, but comparative reference has also been made to AE infection and to earlier pivotal studies of both diseases. The review considers immunity to infection in the intermediate and definitive hosts, innate resistance, evasion of the immune system, and vaccination of intermediate and definitive hosts, and it particularly emphasizes procedures for diagnosis of CE and AE, including the value of immunodiagnostic approaches. There is also discussion of the new advances in recombinant and related DNA technologies, especially application of PCR, that are providing powerful tools in the fields of vaccinology and molecular diagnosis of echinococcosis

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IgG1 and IgG4 serum antibody responses in asymptomatic and clinically expressed cystic echinococcosis patients

Cited by 59 publications

References 19 publications

An extensive ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis in northern Libya.

An extensive ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis in northern Libya.

Assessment of Echinococcus granulosus Somatic Protoscolex Antigens for Serological Follow-Up of Young Patients Surgically Treated for Cystic Echinococcosis

Concepts in Immunology and Diagnosis of Hydatid Disease

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