IgG antibodies against microorganisms and atopic disease in Danish adults: The Copenhagen Allergy Study

Linneberg, Allan; Østergaard, Christian Richter; Tvede, Michael; Andersen, Lis Smedegaard; Nielsen, Niels; Madsen, Flemming; Frølund, L.; Dirksen, Asger; Jørgensen, Torben

doi:10.1067/mai.2003.1335

Cited by 149 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The authors proposed that hygiene and westernized diet might facilitate atopy by affecting the overall pattern of commensals and pathogens that stimulate the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and thus contribute to the expression of atopic diseases. The results have been replicated in a comprehensive population study in the USA (69) and in Denmark (70). Recent data from our laboratory lend further strong support to these findings.…”

Section: Exposure To Bacterial Viral and Protozoan Pathogenssupporting

confidence: 75%

Asthma and atopy – the price of affluence?

Hertzen

Haahtela²

2004

Allergy

121

110

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Irrespective of improved knowledge of many aspects of atopic diseases, the unfavorable trends in their prevalence particularly among children could not have been reversed. A growing body of evidence suggests that something may lack from our societal affluence that has the capacity to provide protection against the development of atopic diseases. Much attention during the last years has been devoted to the hygiene hypothesis. This review outlines the impact of environment and lifestyle, particularly from the perspective of the East–West gradient, on the development of atopic diseases, with a special emphasis on the hygiene hypothesis in its broadest sense.

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Section: Exposure To Bacterial Viral and Protozoan Pathogenssupporting

confidence: 75%

Asthma and atopy – the price of affluence?

Hertzen

Haahtela²

2004

Allergy

121

110

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“…This conclusion could not be substantiated by a study of Danish subjects aged 15-69 yrs. Whereas it confirmed a lower prevalence of atopy in subjects with seropositivity for at least two of the above-mentioned orofaecal or foodborne pathogens, it did not find an association between atopy and cumulative seropositivity for the intestinal pathogens, Clostridium difficile, Campylobacter jejuni and Yersinia enterocolitica [147]. Thus, although it is still not clear whether stimulation of gut-associated lymphoid tissue is essential for providing protection against the development of atopy and atopic disease, the nature of stimulation of the immune system by intestinal pathogens is essential.…”

Section: T-regulatory Cells and The Hygiene Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 72%

Regulatory T-lymphocytes in asthma

Oosterhout¹

2005

European Respiratory Journal

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T-helper cell type (Th)2 lymphocytes play an important role in the initiation, progression and persistence of allergic diseases, including asthma. However, little is known about immunoregulatory mechanisms that determine susceptibility to, severity of, or persistence of asthma. The concept of a disturbed Th1/Th2 balance, although having furthered the present understanding of immunoregulation in asthma, has recently been named a ''procrustean paradigm'', because of its failure to adequately explain many (pre)clinical observations.In recent years, the general knowledge regarding the regulation of infectious, autoimmune diseases, asthma and allergen immunotherapy by T-regulatory (Treg) cells, has rapidly increased. Many different Treg subsets have been described, including CD8+ Treg cells, natural killer (NK) cells and several different CD4+ Treg cell subsets.In this review, the authors will focus on two major and well-described CD4+ Treg cell subsets. These consist of naturally occurring CD25+ Treg cells and adaptive Treg cells that are postulated to prevent immune responses against self-antigens and adaptive immune responses, respectively.The adaptive T-regulatory cells are further subdivided into T-regulatory cells type 1 and Thelper cell type 3 that mediate suppression exclusively via the cytokines interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-b, respectively.

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“…In this study they could for the first time demonstrate, that the protective effect extended to a food allergen (peanut) strengthening the theory that HAV and T. gondii have an effect on gastrointestinal (food) allergy development, be it direct or indirect. Linneberg et al found the same protective effect of HAV and T. gondii in the Danish Copenhagen Allergy Study [42]. They showed in addition, that it was the serological evidence of previous systemic, but relatively asymptomatic oro-faecal infections which was associated with a protective effect, whereas food-borne pathological gastrointestinal bacteria such as Campylobacter jejuni, Yersinia enterocolitica and Clostridium difficile were associated with a higher prevalence of atopy.…”

Section: Endotoxinmentioning

confidence: 75%