IgE antibodies to Pityrosporum ovale in atopic dermatitis

Wessels, Marja W.; Dolkes, G.; Dijk, Adrie G. Van Ieperen-Van; Koers, W.J.; Young, E.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb14745.x

Cited by 88 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Anti-Malassezia IgE antibody was detected (Ͼ0.35 IU/ml) in 29 (91%) of the 32 AD patients, while none of the healthy subjects showed a positive reaction (P Ͻ 0.001). This corroborates previous observations of specific IgE antibody in AD patients and healthy controls (7,14,18,20,23).…”

Section: Diversity Of Malassezia Species Among Individualssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Malassezia species are also considered to be one of the factors that exacerbate atopic dermatitis (AD), based on the finding that AD patients (but not healthy subjects) have specific serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies against Malassezia spp. (9,22,23). Application of topical antimycotic agents to AD patients decreases Malassezia colonization and the severity of eczematous lesions (2), suggesting that Malassezia species play a role in AD.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Molecular Analysis of Malassezia Microflora on the Skin of Atopic Dermatitis Patients and Healthy Subjects

et al. 2001

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Members of the genus Malassezia, lipophilic yeasts, are considered to be one of the exacerbating factors in atopic dermatitis (AD). We examined variation in cutaneous colonization by Malassezia species in AD patients and compared it with variation in healthy subjects. Samples were collected by applying transparent dressings to the skin lesions of AD patients. DNA was extracted directly from the dressings and amplified in a specific nested PCR assay. Malassezia-specific DNA was detected in all samples obtained from 32 AD patients. In particular, Malassezia globosa and M. restricta were detected in approximately 90% of the AD patients and M. furfur and M. sympodialis were detected in approximately 40% of the cases. The detection rate was not dependent on the type of skin lesion. In healthy subjects, Malassezia DNA was detected in 78% of the samples, among which M. globosa, M. restricta, and M. sympodialis were detected at frequencies ranging from 44 to 61%, with M. furfur at 11%. The diversity of Malassezia species found in AD patients was greater (2.7 species detected in each individual) than that found in healthy subjects (1.8 species per individual). Our results suggest that M. furfur, M. globosa, M. restricta, and M. sympodialis are common inhabitants of the skin of both AD patients and healthy subjects, while the skin microflora of AD patients shows more diversity than that of healthy subjects. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of a nested PCR as an alternative to fungal culture for analysis of the distribution of cutaneous Malassezia spp.Members of the genus Malassezia, lipophilic yeasts, colonize the skin of the head, neck, and shoulders of humans and are one of the causative factors in pityriasis versicolor and seborrheic dermatitis (3). Malassezia species are also considered to be one of the factors that exacerbate atopic dermatitis (AD), based on the finding that AD patients (but not healthy subjects) have specific serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies against Malassezia spp. (9, 22, 23). Application of topical antimycotic agents to AD patients decreases Malassezia colonization and the severity of eczematous lesions (2), suggesting that Malassezia species play a role in AD. In addition, several candidate Malassezia antigens have been implicated in the pathogenesis of AD (10,11,16,17,19,24).The taxonomy of the genus Malassezia was recently revised, primarily by using rRNA gene sequences, into seven species: M. furfur, M. globosa, M. obtusa, M. restricta, M. pachydermatis, M. slooffiae, and M. sympodialis (4, 5, 6). M. globosa, M. obtusa, M. restricta, and M. slooffiae were formerly designated M. furfur. The frequency of isolation of each species and its correlation with the clinical manifestations of AD have not been well investigated. Studies examining colonization by Malassezia spp. may aid in the understanding of the mechanism of AD and the development of an effective treatment. Due to the difficulties inherent in culturing Malassezia spp., we analyzed the cutaneous Malassezia mi...

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Section: Diversity Of Malassezia Species Among Individualssupporting

confidence: 81%

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Analysis of Malassezia Microflora on the Skin of Atopic Dermatitis Patients and Healthy Subjects

et al. 2001

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“…Cutaneous microorganisms are considered an exacerbating factor. Although large numbers of lipophilic Malassezia species organisms colonize the skin surfaces of both AD patients and healthy subjects, anti-Malassezia-specific immunoglobulin E antibody is detected only in AD patient sera (14,16,32). This is probably owing to the disrupted barrier function of the skin surface and the effects of scratching on sensitization to the organisms (30).…”

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confidence: 99%

Antifungal Activities of Tacrolimus and Azole Agents against the Eleven Currently Accepted Malassezia Species

Sugita¹,

et al. 2005

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The lipophilic yeast Malassezia is an exacerbating factor in atopic dermatitis (AD) and colonizes the skin surface of patients with AD. With the goal of reducing the number of Malassezia cells, we investigated the antifungal activities of a therapeutic agent for AD, tacrolimus, and the azole agents itraconazole and ketoconazole against Malassezia species in vitro. We examined 125 strains of the 11 currently accepted Malassezia species by using the agar dilution method. All strains of the 11 Malassezia species were very susceptible to both azole agents, with MICs ranging from 0.016 to 0.25 g/ml. Tacrolimus had antifungal activities against half of the strains, with MICs ranging from 16 to 32 g/ml. Two of the major cutaneous floras, Malassezia globosa and Malassezia restricta, have several genotypes in the intergenic spacer region of the rRNA gene; the azole agents had slightly higher MICs for specific genotype strains of both microorganisms. A combination of azole agents and tacrolimus had a synergistic effect against Malassezia isolates, based on a fractional inhibitory index of 0.245 to 0.378. Our results provide the basis for testing these agents in future clinical trials to reduce the number of Malassezia cells colonizing the skin surface in patients with AD.Although lipophilic yeasts, Malassezia spp., colonize the skin surface of healthy individuals, they may also cause seborrheic dermatitis (SD), pityriasis (tinea) versicolor, and Malassezia folliculitis and may exacerbate atopic dermatitis (AD) (1). AD is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease. The standard treatment of AD is topical corticosteroids and topical immunomodulating agents, although some patients do not respond to these treatments. Cutaneous microorganisms are considered an exacerbating factor. Although large numbers of lipophilic Malassezia species organisms colonize the skin surfaces of both AD patients and healthy subjects, anti-Malassezia-specific immunoglobulin E antibody is detected only in AD patient sera (14,16,32). This is probably owing to the disrupted barrier function of the skin surface and the effects of scratching on sensitization to the organisms (30). The application of topical antifungal agents to AD patients decreases Malassezia colonization and the severity of eczematous lesions (2), suggesting that Malassezia species play a role in atopic dermatitis. In addition, several candidate Malassezia antigens have been implicated in the pathogenesis of AD (15,19,20,23,34).In 1996, the taxonomy of the genus Malassezia was revised by Guého et al. (8). The authors described seven species (Malassezia furfur, M. globosa, M. obtusa, M. restricta, M. slooffiae, M. sympodialis, and M. pachydermatis). Subsequently, Japanese researchers found another four new species: Malassezia dermatis (25), M. yamatoensis (28), M. japonica (27), and M. nana (11) were isolated from an AD patient, SD patients, a healthy individual, and an animal, respectively, between 2002 and 2004. At present, 11 species have been accepted in this genus. By use of the r...

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“…In the last decade, research has focused primarily on isolating Malassezia strains and detecting specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies from patients (9,13,14,26). A comparison of the isolation rates of Malassezia species from the skin of AD patients and healthy control subjects detected a significantly higher rate for patients than for healthy subjects (8).…”

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confidence: 99%

New Yeast Species, Malassezia dermatis , Isolated from Patients with Atopic Dermatitis

Sugita¹,

Takashima

Saitô³

et al. 2002

J Clin Microbiol

216

135

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Malassezia species are considered to be one of the exacerbating factors in atopic dermatitis (AD). During examination of the cutaneous colonization of Malassezia species in AD patients, we found a new species on the surface of the patients' skin. Analysis of ribosomal DNA sequences suggested that the isolates belonged to the genus Malassezia. They did not grow in Sabouraud dextrose agar but utilized specific concentrations of Tween 20, 40, 60, and 80 as a lipid source. Thus, we concluded that our isolates were new members of the genus Malassezia and propose the name Malassezia dermatis sp. nov. for these isolates.Malassezia species are known causative factors in pityriasis versicolor, seborrheic dermatitis (SD), and atopic dermatitis (AD) (3). In the last decade, research has focused primarily on isolating Malassezia strains and detecting specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies from patients (9,13,14,26). A comparison of the isolation rates of Malassezia species from the skin of AD patients and healthy control subjects detected a significantly higher rate for patients than for healthy subjects (8). AD patients had specific IgE antibodies against Malassezia, while healthy subjects did not. In recent years, studies have increasingly been directed towards analyzing how the cutaneous microflora at the species level are related to each disease type (pityriasis versicolor, SD, and AD) (1,6,7,12,16). We previously compared the distribution of Malassezia species in skin lesions of AD patients and in healthy subjects using a nonculture method (nested PCR) that is not affected by the isolating medium (21). Of the seven members of the genus Malassezia, Malassezia globosa and M. restricta were the species most commonly associated with AD, while M. obtusa and M. pachydermatis were not detected in AD. In our survey of cutaneous Malassezia microflora, we isolated new Malassezia species from several patients with AD. In this paper, we propose a new species, M. dermatis, for these isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODSMalassezia isolates. Nineteen AD outpatients at Juntendo University Hospital were included in the study. To obtain samples, OpSite transparent dressings (3 by 7 cm; Smith and Nephew Medical Ltd., Hull, United Kingdom) were applied to skin lesions (erosive, erythematous, and lichenoid) on the scalp, back, and nape of the neck of AD patients. Samples were then transferred onto Leeming and Notman agar (LNA) (10.0 g of polypeptone, 5.0 g of glucose, 0.1 g of yeast extract, 8.0 g of ox gall, 1.0 mg of glycerol, 0.5 g of glycerol stearate, 0.5 mg of Tween 60, 10 ml of cow's milk [whole fat], and 12.0 g of agar per liter) plates containing 50 l of chloramphenicol (Sankyo, Tokyo, Japan) and incubated at 32°C for 2 weeks.Direct DNA sequencing of rRNA genes of the isolates. Yeast isolates recovered from LNA medium were identified by analysis of rRNA gene sequences. Nuclear DNA of the isolates was extracted by the method of Makimura et al. (15). The D1 and D2 regions of 26S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and internal transcribed spacer (IT...

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IgE antibodies to Pityrosporum ovale in atopic dermatitis

Cited by 88 publications

References 22 publications

Molecular Analysis of Malassezia Microflora on the Skin of Atopic Dermatitis Patients and Healthy Subjects

Molecular Analysis of Malassezia Microflora on the Skin of Atopic Dermatitis Patients and Healthy Subjects

Antifungal Activities of Tacrolimus and Azole Agents against the Eleven Currently Accepted Malassezia Species

New Yeast Species, Malassezia dermatis , Isolated from Patients with Atopic Dermatitis

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