IgA, IgG1, IgG2, IgM, and BSA in serum and mammary secretion throughout lactation

Guidry, A.J.; Butler, John E.; Pearson, R.E.; Bt, Weinland

doi:10.1016/0165-2427(80)90012-4

Cited by 88 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In the present study, IgG 1 was the predominant IgG antibody subclass in milk before LPS challenge, which is in agreement with earlier studies (Guidry et al, 1980;Butler, 1983). It is likely that the specific transport mechanism for IgG 1 , which is prevalent in prepartum colostrum formation, remains weakly expressed during lactation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Concomitant lipopolysaccharide-induced transfer of blood-derived components including immunoglobulins into milk

Lehmann

Wellnitz

Bruckmaier

2013

Journal of Dairy Science

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During a mammary immune response, the integrity of the blood-milk barrier is negatively affected and becomes leaky. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the blood origin, and to investigate changes in the concentration, of various constituents including immunoglobulins in blood and milk during the early phase of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mastitis. Five lactating dairy cows received continuous β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) clamp infusions to maintain elevated BHBA blood concentrations (1.5 to 2.0 mmol/L) from 48 h before and 8 h after LPS administration. One udder quarter was infused with 200 μg of Escherichia coli LPS. A second quarter served as control. Milk and blood samples were taken hourly for 8 h postchallenge (PC). The somatic cell count in LPS-challenged quarters was increased from 4 h PC to the end of the experiment compared with control quarters. In LPS-challenged quarters, l-lactate, BHBA, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), IgG 1 , and IgG 2 were increased at 3 h PC and remained elevated until the end of experiment (8 h PC) compared with control quarters. In addition, the optical density values in milk in a nonquantitative ELISA for antibodies directed against bluetongue virus (used as a measure of nonspecific antibody transfer; all animals were vaccinated) increased and, thus, indicates an increase in these antibodies in response to LPS treatment. l-Lactate concentration also increased in blood 2 h PC and in the milk of control quarters during the experiment from 3 h PC. A second experiment was conducted in vitro to investigate a possible contribution from destructed milk cells to l-lactate concentration and activity of LDH in milk. Aliquots of milk samples (n = 8) were frozen (−20°C) or disrupted with ultrasound, respectively. Freeze thawing and ultrasound treatment increased LDH in milk samples, but had no effect on l-lactate concentrations. Results suggest that intramammary infusion of LPS induces a systemic response, as evidenced by an elevation of blood l-lactate concentration. The concomitant changes of all investigated components suggest that they were blood derived. However, the increase in blood components in the milk is not necessarily supportive of the mammary immune system, and likely a side effect of reduced blood-milk barrier integrity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Concomitant lipopolysaccharide-induced transfer of blood-derived components including immunoglobulins into milk

Lehmann

Wellnitz

Bruckmaier

2013

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Proteomic analysis in prepartum mammary secretion or colostrum, which contains a complicated mixture of proteins including various proteins involved in the host defence system, would assist in yielding an understanding of the immunological and health conditions of the mammary gland during colostrogenesis (Hernández-Castellano et al 2014). The SCC, serum albumin concentrations, and IgG 1 and IgG 2 levels in the colostrum in this study were within previously reported ranges (Guidry et al 1980;Olejník 1994;Gross et al 2016;Samarütel et al 2016) (Table 3). No significant differences were observed in SCC, serum albumin, IgG 1 , and IgG 2 between quarters that were uninfected and untreated versus infected and treated with antibiotics.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Characteristics of mammary secretions from Holstein cows at approximately 10 days before parturition: with or without intramammary infection

Watanabe

Hata

Sláma

et al. 2017

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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To evaluate the relationship between intramammary infection and basic characteristics of mammary secretion at late dry period, regarding mammary secretions, macroscopic observations, infection status, somatic cell counts (SCC), serum albumin concentrations, immunoglobulin (Ig) G 1 , and IgG 2 levels were examined on 20 dairy cows at 9-12 days before calving. Intramammary infections were found in mammary secretions from 37 of the total 80 quarters. All of the mammary secretions with intramammary infection showed lower viscosity than that of normal colostrum. In four mammary secretions without intramammary infection, some macroscopic abnormalities were found. For mammary secretions without intramammary infection or macroscopic abnormality, viscosities were apparently higher than that in normal colostrum, indicating that viscosity is associated with macroscopic normality of the mammary secretion at approximately 10 days before calving. SCC and serum albumin concentrations were significantly higher in mammary secretions with intramammary infection or macroscopic abnormality. The SCC and serum albumin concentrations were correlated with viscosity of the mammary secretions, suggesting that most intramammary infections at approximately 10 days before calving may cause mastitis with increased permeability of the blood-milk barrier. No significant difference was observed in concentrations of IgG 1 and IgG 2 , regardless of the presence of intramammary infections or macroscopic abnormalities. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…So far, one study was published which followed 6 cows during lactation and determined a change in immunoglobulin concentration in mammary secretions; however, no link with milk yield was established (Guidry et al, 1980). Mean concentrations of IgG in milk throughout lactation have been investigated and described to be similar to the values determined in our study (Liu et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

A longitudinal study of factors influencing the result of a Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis antibody ELISA in milk of dairy cows

Eisenberg

Veldman

Rutten

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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The influence of milk yield and milk composition on the diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) by milk ELISA in the context of the total IgG secretion patterns in milk throughout lactation and serum concentrations were investigated. A 2-yr trial was performed in which 1,410 dairy cows were sampled monthly and MAP milk ELISA status and milk yield and composition were determined. Data were analyzed by mixed model analysis. Milk yield was found to significantly influence ELISA results expressed as sample-to-positive (S/P) ratios. For each 5-kg increase in milk, the S/P ratio has to be multiplied by 0.89; therefore, high milk yield can change the MAP milk ELISA outcome of a cow in early infection from positive to negative. Parity influenced ELISA outcome significantly, indicating that cows with a parity >1 are more likely to be identified by milk testing. Also, herd was an important predictor, showing that herd prevalence influences the milk ELISA strongly. Other factors influencing the S/P ratios were protein concentration, somatic cell count, and days in milk. The IgG concentration and mass excreted per day were determined longitudinally in a subset of 41 cows of which samples and data of a complete lactation were available. Again, the IgG concentration in milk was mainly influenced by milk yield. The total IgG mass secreted per day in milk was found to be relatively constant, with a mean of 8.70 ± 5.38 g despite an increasing IgG concentration in serum at the same time. The variation of IgG concentration in milk can be mainly attributed to dilution through changes in milk yield. This supports the assumption that concentrations of MAP-specific antibodies are influenced by changes in milk yield similarly. In conclusion, we confirmed that antibody concentrations, and therefore MAP ELISA outcome, were influenced by milk yield, herd, and parity. To enhance performance, milk ELISA tests should either be performed in early or late lactation, when milk yield is low. From a management perspective, sampling should be done during early lactation before cows are bred again. Based on the slow progressive infection dynamics, only first-parity cows should be preferentially tested at the end of their first lactation to avoid false-negative results.

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IgA, IgG1, IgG2, IgM, and BSA in serum and mammary secretion throughout lactation

Cited by 88 publications

References 16 publications

Concomitant lipopolysaccharide-induced transfer of blood-derived components including immunoglobulins into milk

Concomitant lipopolysaccharide-induced transfer of blood-derived components including immunoglobulins into milk

Characteristics of mammary secretions from Holstein cows at approximately 10 days before parturition: with or without intramammary infection

A longitudinal study of factors influencing the result of a Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis antibody ELISA in milk of dairy cows

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