IFN-I-tolerant oncolytic Semliki Forest virus in combination with anti-PD1 enhances T cell response against mouse glioma

Martikainen, Miika; Ramachandran, Mohanraj; Lugano, Roberta; Ma, Jing; Dimberg, Anna; Yu, Di; Merits, Andres; Essand, Magnus

doi:10.1016/j.omto.2021.03.008

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Recently, an IFN-I tolerant SFV was constructed and tested in combination with ICIs in GL261 glioma model. Increased tumor-reactive CD8+ T cell infiltration in tumor microenvironment has been observed (172). No clinical trials with SFV in glioma have been conducted to-date.…”

Section: Semliki Forest Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oncolytic Viro-Immunotherapy: An Emerging Option in the Treatment of Gliomas

Zeng

Sander³

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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The prognosis of malignant gliomas remains poor, with median survival fewer than 20 months and a 5-year survival rate merely 5%. Their primary location in the central nervous system (CNS) and its immunosuppressive environment with little T cell infiltration has rendered cancer therapies mostly ineffective, and breakthrough therapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown limited benefit. However, tumor immunotherapy is developing rapidly and can help overcome these obstacles. But for now, malignant gliomas remain fatal with short survival and limited therapeutic options. Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a unique antitumor immunotherapy wherein viruses selectively or preferentially kill tumor cells, replicate and spread through tumors while inducing antitumor immune responses. OVTs can also recondition the tumor microenvironment and improve the efficacy of other immunotherapies by escalating the infiltration of immune cells into tumors. Some OVTs can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and possess tropism for the CNS, enabling intravenous delivery. Despite the therapeutic potential displayed by oncolytic viruses (OVs), optimizing OVT has proved challenging in clinical development, and marketing approvals for OVTs have been rare. In June 2021 however, as a genetically engineered OV based on herpes simplex virus-1 (G47Δ), teserpaturev got conditional and time-limited approval for the treatment of malignant gliomas in Japan. In this review, we summarize the current state of OVT, the synergistic effect of OVT in combination with other immunotherapies as well as the hurdles to successful clinical use. We also provide some suggestions to overcome the challenges in treating of gliomas.

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Section: Semliki Forest Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oncolytic Viro-Immunotherapy: An Emerging Option in the Treatment of Gliomas

Zeng

Sander³

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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“…Other less known ICD-based techniques that are currently being developed are genetically engineered viruses (oncolytic viruses), which uses viral vectors (and thus unable to replicate) to deliver cytotoxic material to the tumor cells resulting in ICD [133][134][135]. Also naturally occurring oncolytic viruses have been described [136].…”

Section: Icd-inducing Modalities In Gbmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenic cell death and its therapeutic or prognostic potential in high-grade glioma

et al. 2022

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Immunogenic cell death (ICD) has emerged as a key component of therapy-induced anti-tumor immunity. Over the past few years, ICD was found to play a pivotal role in a wide variety of novel and existing treatment modalities. The clinical application of these techniques in cancer treatment is still in its infancy. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor with a dismal prognosis despite maximal therapy. The development of new therapies in this aggressive type of tumors remains highly challenging partially due to the cold tumor immune environment. GBM could therefore benefit from ICD-based therapies stimulating the anti-tumor immune response. In what follows, we will describe the mechanisms behind ICD and the ICD-based (pre)clinical advances in anticancer therapies focusing on GBM.

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“…The M1 alphavirus showed the selective killing of muscle-invasive bladder cancer cells by inducing apoptosis without affecting normal cells [ 50 ]. SFV-AM6-124T, which is resistant to IFN-1, along with anti-PD1, increased CD8 + cell counts and infiltration of immune cells in GL261 gliomas was also enhanced [ 91 ].…”

Section: Rna Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viruses as tools in gene therapy, vaccine development, and cancer treatment

et al. 2022

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Using viruses to our advantage has been a huge leap for humanity. Their ability to mediate horizontal gene transfer has made them useful tools for gene therapy, vaccine development, and cancer treatment. Adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses, retroviruses, lentiviruses, alphaviruses, and herpesviruses are a few of the most common candidates for use as therapeutic agents or efficient gene delivery systems. Efforts are being made to improve and perfect viral-vector-based therapies to overcome potential or reported drawbacks. Some preclinical trials of viral vector vaccines have yielded positive results, indicating their potential as prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine candidates. Utilization of the oncolytic activity of viruses is the future of cancer therapy, as patients will then be free from the harmful effects of chemo- or radiotherapy. This review discusses in vitro and in vivo studies showing the brilliant therapeutic potential of viruses.

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IFN-I-tolerant oncolytic Semliki Forest virus in combination with anti-PD1 enhances T cell response against mouse glioma

Cited by 19 publications

References 37 publications

Oncolytic Viro-Immunotherapy: An Emerging Option in the Treatment of Gliomas

Oncolytic Viro-Immunotherapy: An Emerging Option in the Treatment of Gliomas

Immunogenic cell death and its therapeutic or prognostic potential in high-grade glioma

Viruses as tools in gene therapy, vaccine development, and cancer treatment

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