IFHTSE Global 21: heat treatment and surface engineering in the twenty-first century

Abstract

Quenching technology represents a critically important component of heat treatment that can impact on the quality, productivity and profitability of manufacturing practice. After providing a historical context, a number of technologies that represent important advances and which point the way for future step changes in quenching technology are briefly reviewed here and include: computational fluid dynamics modelling and simulation of quench system design, gas quenching, time quenching, alternately timed quenching technology, intensive quenching, metal/quenchant interfacial characterisation methodologies, and development of nanoquenchant and vegetable oil quenchants.

The process design of water quenching based on finite element simulation and its applications

“…However, experimental measurements have three main limitations: (1) for a large and complex component, the measurement of the internal stress as a function of depth is not only difficult but also time-consuming; (2) in most cases, cracking of a quenched component is caused by transient stress during quenching, whereas the experiment can only measure the final internal stress (residual stress), rather than the transient stress; and (3) the origin of complex quenching stresses cannot fully be understood if there is no assist of computer simulation of the stress analysis. As Totten and Albano pointed out [3] that 'two important topics that are an integral part of the current status and future directions of quenching technology development are the material bases for residual stress and distortion control and modelling and the role of modelling and simulation in materials and process design'. For these reasons, the FES of quenching was rapidly developed to predict the temperature, phase, and stress evolution to optimize the quenching process [4][5][6][7].…”

Evolution from Cooling Modeling to Cooling Engineering of the Steel Quenching Process: A Technology Overview

“…However, the relationship between this model and heat treatment, especially between hardening theory and practice, has not been satisfactory as will be explained. Therefore, it is necessary to better understand the relationship between cooling theory and metallurgical behavior to create a new cooling model to achieve the goals of "Zero distortion," "Zero dispersion of quality," and "Zero pollution" that have been proposed by the Heat Treating Industry Vision 2020 and the Heat Treating Technology Roadmap 200 initiated and issued by the ASM Heat Treating Society and Materials Treating Institute [1][2][3][4].…”