“…Feminist critics, such as Laura Mulvey, find Freudian interpretations of male gaze and its underlying psychological foundations as endorsement of pre-existing patriarchal social values (e.g. Glapka 2018, Ponterotto 2016, Gallardo 2001, Sassatelli 2011, Mulvey 1975. Scopophilia, in Freudian theory, is a by-product of ego/ego-libido development beginning in infancy which involves gradual psycho-somatic stages that, in Freudian terminology, are understood as realization of the self distinct from the other, the desire to look at others' bodily functions, male child's visualization of the female body as a lack of what he has, castration anxiety, repression of desires, displacement, condensation, use of defence mechanism, interference of the subconscious, formation of socially acceptable ego, and finally, the repressed desires subconsciously expressed as scopophilia and voyeurism (summary based on Freud 1905, pp.…”