If not salivary alpha-synuclein, then what? A look at potential Parkinson’s disease biomarkers

Bougea, Anastasia

doi:10.1080/14737159.2020.1721283

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…The use of saliva in biomarker studies is a current trend as there is increasing evidence of AS being a major component [91,92]. From a recent pilot study, it was shown that exosomes isolated from saliva by ultracentrifugation are of a neuronal origin and express α-synuclein [71].…”

Section: Salivamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Future of Targeted Gene-Based Treatment Strategies and Biomarkers in Parkinson’s Disease

et al. 2020

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Biomarkers and disease-modifying therapies are both urgent unmet medical needs in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and must be developed concurrently because of their interdependent relationship: biomarkers for the early detection of disease (i.e., prior to overt neurodegeneration) are necessary in order for patients to receive maximal therapeutic benefit and vice versa; disease-modifying therapies must become available for patients whose potential for disease diagnosis and prognosis can be predicted with biomarkers. This review provides an overview of the milestones achieved to date in the therapeutic strategy development of disease-modifying therapies and biomarkers for PD, with a focus on the most common and advanced genetically linked targets alpha-synuclein (SNCA), leucine-rich repeat kinase-2 (LRRK2) and glucocerebrosidase (GBA1). Furthermore, we discuss the convergence of the different pathways and the importance of patient stratification and how these advances may apply more broadly to idiopathic PD. The heterogeneity of PD poses a challenge for therapeutic and biomarker development, however, the one gene- one target approach has brought us closer than ever before to an unprecedented number of clinical trials and biomarker advancements.

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Section: Salivamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Future of Targeted Gene-Based Treatment Strategies and Biomarkers in Parkinson’s Disease

et al. 2020

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“…On the other hand, α -Syn antibodies may have a protective role, promoting the clearance of toxic protein through the opsonization of α -Syn for uptake by phagocytes [ 59 ]. Aggregated α -Syn (oligomeric and phosphorylated) forms exist in body fluids including cerebrospinal liquid (CSF), serum/plasma, urine, and saliva, and in gastrointestinal tract, vagus nerve, sympathetic ganglia, cutaneous autonomic nerves, and submandibular gland [ 8 ], but data for this neurological protein, as a validated biomarker to predict or diagnose PD in human body fluids, are limited [ 16 ]. Besides, publications on CSF and plasma/serum α -Syn levels have controversial outcomes due to preanalytical/analytical factors such as total/oligomeric forms of α -Syn [ 60 ].…”

Section: Alpha-synucleinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, although there are several procedures, such as ELISA, western blot, mass spectrometry, or Luminex assay, to discover α -Syn in body fluids [ 61 ]; neither plasma/serum nor saliva α -Syn has achieved a proper sensitivity or specificity to be verified as a PD diagnostic marker [ 17 , 18 ]. Thus, the most important subsequent investigation in the PD biomarkers researching is improving sensitivity and specificity assays of available markers [ 16 ].…”

Section: Alpha-synucleinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Biomarkers: Noninvasive Ways for Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease

Hashemy

Joshaghani

Hashemy

2023

Neurology Research International

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Finding reliable biomarkers has a crucial role in Parkinson’s disease (PD) assessments. Saliva is a bodily fluid, which might be used as a source of biomarkers for PD. Our article has reviewed several publications on salivary proteins in PD patients and their potential as biomarkers. We find out that α-Syn’s proportion in oligomeric form is higher in PD patients’ saliva, which is potent to use as a biomarker for PD. The salivary concentration of DJ-1 and alpha-amylase is lower in PD patients. Also, substance P level is more moderate in PD patients. Although salivary flow rate is decreased in PD patients, high levels of heme oxygenase and acetylcholinesterase might be used as noninvasive biomarkers. Salivary miRNAs (miR-153, miR-223, miR-874, and miR-145-3p) are novel diagnostic biomarkers that should be given more attention.

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Alpha-Synuclein in the Gastrointestinal Tract as a Potential Biomarker for Early Detection of Parkinson’s Disease

Fričová

Harsányiová

Trančiková

2020

IJMS

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The primary pathogenesis associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD) occurs in peripheral tissues several years before the onset of typical motor symptoms. Early and reliable diagnosis of PD could provide new treatment options for PD patients and improve their quality of life. At present, however, diagnosis relies mainly on clinical symptoms, and definitive diagnosis is still based on postmortem pathological confirmation of dopaminergic neuronal degeneration. In addition, the similarity of the clinical, cognitive, and neuropathological features of PD with other neurodegenerative diseases calls for new biomarkers, suitable for differential diagnosis. Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) is a potential PD biomarker, due to its close connection with the pathogenesis of the disease. Here we summarize the currently available information on the possible use of α-Syn as a biomarker of early stages of PD in gastrointestinal (GI) tissues, highlight its potential to distinguish PD and other neurodegenerative diseases, and suggest alternative methods (primarily developed for other tissue analysis) that could improve α-Syn detection procedures or diagnostic methods in general.

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If not salivary alpha-synuclein, then what? A look at potential Parkinson’s disease biomarkers

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

The Future of Targeted Gene-Based Treatment Strategies and Biomarkers in Parkinson’s Disease

The Future of Targeted Gene-Based Treatment Strategies and Biomarkers in Parkinson’s Disease

Salivary Biomarkers: Noninvasive Ways for Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease

Alpha-Synuclein in the Gastrointestinal Tract as a Potential Biomarker for Early Detection of Parkinson’s Disease

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