IEEE 802.11-Enabled Wake-Up Radio: Use Cases and Applications

Abstract

IEEE 802.11 is one of the most commonly used radio access technologies, being present in almost all handheld devices with networking capabilities. However, its energy-hungry communication modes are a challenge for the increased battery lifetime of such devices and are an obstacle for its use in battery-constrained devices such as the ones defined by many Internet of Things applications. Wake-up Radio (WuR) systems have appeared as a solution for increasing the energy efficiency of communication technologies by employing a secondary low-power radio interface, which is always in the active state and switches the primary transceiver (used for main data communication) from the energy-saving to the active operation mode. The high market penetration of IEEE 802.11 technology, together with the benefits that WuR systems can bring to this widespread technology, motivates this article’s focus on IEEE 802.11-based WuR solutions. More specifically, we elaborate on the feasibility of such IEEE 802.11-based WuR solutions, and introduce the latest standardization efforts in this IEEE 802.11-based WuR domain, IEEE 802.11ba, which is a forthcoming IEEE 802.11 amendment, discussing its main features and potential use cases. As a use case consisting of green Wi-Fi application, we provide a proof-of-concept smart plug system implemented by a WuR that is activated remotely using IEEE 802.11 devices, evaluate its monetary and energy savings, and compare it with commercially available smart plug solutions. Finally, we discuss novel applications beyond the wake-up functionality that IEEE 802.11-enabled WuR devices can offer using a secondary radio, as well as applications that have not yet been considered by IEEE 802.11ba. As a result, we argue that the IEEE 802.11-based WuR solution will support a wide range of devices and deployments, for both low-rate and low-power communications, as well as high-rate transmissions.

A Comprehensive Review on Energy Harvesting Integration in IoT Systems from MAC Layer Perspective: Challenges and Opportunities

“…E Total = T Rx .P Rx + T Tx .P Tx + T Id .P Id + T Wu .P Wu + 2T Sw .P Sw (3) Presenting an efficient scheme for the wake-up receiver, while considering the coexistence with IEEE 802.11 legacy, is becoming an attractive topic [88,[90][91][92][93], where some of these energy models are proposed based on the AS3933 chip by Austria Microsystems.…”

“…This amendment aims to balance the trade-off between low latency and low power states (1mW) in devices [ 85 , 86 , 87 ] while being backward compatible [ 88 ]. This amendment works on WUR, whose implementation is based on a Wake-up Transmitter (WuTx) and Wake-up Receiver (WuRx).…”

“…This amendment works on WUR, whose implementation is based on a Wake-up Transmitter (WuTx) and Wake-up Receiver (WuRx). Since the WuRx is a very low power consumption radio and the primary radio wakes up on-demand, the power consumption during idle mode decreases significantly [ 88 ].…”

“…Table 2 , which is built based on the references [ 72 , 76 , 88 , 114 ], provides a brief comparison of the technologies mentioned above in terms of the most relevant aspects regarding the IoT paradigm. Then, the IoT-related MAC features of each potential communication technology are listed in Figure 4 .…”

Design of a 900 MHz Band Wake-Up Receiver with −52 dBm Sensitivity

“…그러나 대규모 센서 노드를 운용하는 경우 이 기술을 적용하기 어렵고, 이에 대안으로 이벤트 기반 센서 노드 방식을 사 용한다 [2], [3] . 이벤트 기반 센서 노드란 주 센서 노드 모듈 이 슬립 모드에 있고, Wake Up 수신기(WuRx: wake up receiver)를 활용해 필요한 경우, 호출 신호를 송출하여 슬 립 모드에 있는 센서 노드를 활성화하는 방식이다 [2], [3] . WuRx는 전력 소모가 적은 무선 수신기 칩으로 호출키가 지정된 값과 일치할 경우, 인터럽트를 발생시켜 센서 노 드를 활성화시키는 역할을 한다 [3] .…”