In 1958, on joining the staff of the New York Orthopedic Hospital, it was my good fortune to become associated with several men who were deeply interested in the problems of scoliosis and spine fusion, in fact, an interest that has been maintained since the original work of Hibbs with this disease. This investigation has consisted of two parts, the first of which, the clinical, began when Professor Frank E. Stinchfield made me responsible for the Scoliosis Service at Columbia University. With a background of over 2,500 surgically treated patients with spinal deformity, the majority of whom have been carefully followed, it was believed that the New York Orthopaedic Hospital could provide valid conclusions about the efficacy of existing treatment. In 1965, the second phase, the experimental, was begun in the Biomechanics Laboratory of the University of Gothenburg. Professor Carl Hirsch has provided the facilities, encouragement, and personal guidance which enabled this work to be carried out. Any study of this nature depends upon the cooperation and assistance of many people. I would like to thank the staff at the Orthopedic Clinic for their suggestions and cooperation. During the execution of particular phases of this project, technical problems arose which required the assistance of specialists from other institutions. I would particularly like to thank Engineers Sören Rolandsson and Hans Akesson of the AB Atomenergi in Studsvik,