Idiopathic renal arteriovenous fistula, a rare cause of severe hematuria: Case report

Superselective Arterial Embolization of Arteriovenous Malformation of Internal Pudendal Artery, a Rare Cause of Hematuria: A Case Report

“…A good medical history, physical examination, and focused laboratory investigations for persistent or recurrent gross hematuria may lead to the identification of a long list of causes including infection, glomerulonephritis, stones, trauma, tumor, and so forth ( Joshua et al, 2017 ; Peterson & Reed, 2019 ). But many rare causes still exist, including AVM, vascular fistula, renal nutcracker syndrome, vesical varices, pyelovenous fistula, and so forth ( Bin_ Dahman & Aljabry, 2019 ; Valdez Vargas et al, 2018 ). Some rare causes of gross hematuria require more detailed workup.…”