Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Irving, William L.; Day, S.; Johnston, I. D. A.

doi:10.1164/ajrccm/148.6_pt_1.1683

Cited by 104 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Multivariate analysis suggested that advancing age, smoking and liver cirrhosis were all independent risk factors for the development of IPF. However, a number of studies have failed to replicate this association [10] and some have simply demonstrated an association of HCV with a range of nonfibrotic respiratory conditions [11]. These differences between studies may reflect geographical variations in the incidence of HCV.…”

Section: Infection and The Pathogenesis Of Ipfmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of infection in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Molyneaux

Maher

2013

European Respiratory Review

148

112

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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, and invariably fatal, condition that is believed to arise in genetically susceptible individuals as a consequence of an aberrant wound-healing response following repetitive alveolar injury. The exact triggers, which initiate the fibrotic process, remain unknown. Infectious agents, including both viruses and bacteria, have the capacity to cause alveolarepithelial cell injury and apoptosis. Relatively few studies have examined the role of infection in IPF. Those that have, point to viruses playing a key role as cofactors in the initiation and progression of IPF. There is also some evidence to suggest that viral infection may be responsible for a proportion of acute exacerbations of IPF. The role played by bacteria in the pathogenesis of IPF is less clear cut. Studies from other respiratory diseases suggest that alterations in the lung microbiome are associated with disease and that these changes influence disease behaviour. Emerging molecular microbiological techniques are making the study of microbial communities in the lung easier. It is hoped that by combining such techniques with the careful longitudinal phenotyping of patients with IPF, it will be possible to elucidate the role played by bacteria and viruses in the pathogenesis of the disease. If infection plays a causal role in IPF then it is possible that therapeutic strategies, utilising currently available antiviral or antibiotic drugs, may be effective in modifying the course of this devastating condition.@ERSpublications Understanding viral and bacterial involvement in IPF could help development of novel therapeutic approaches

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Section: Infection and The Pathogenesis Of Ipfmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of infection in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Molyneaux

Maher

2013

European Respiratory Review

148

112

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“…Ueda et al [19] and Meliconi et al [20] reported a higher prevalence of HCV-antibody in patients with IPF compared with the general population. However, Irving et al [21] could not confirm the hypothesis that HCV may be a cause of IPF. The controversial results of the different research groups may be explained by the geographical differences of race and other factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…A few previous studies have presented conflicting results, with some suggesting that an incidence of anti-HCV antibody positivity in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is significantly higher than that in patients without IPF both in Italy and Japan [19,20] . Others found that incidence of anti-HCV antibody positivity is not high compared to controlled patients [21] . These discrepancies might depend on factors such as geographical differences of race and/or ethnicity or differences in the false positive rate of anti-HCV testing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Hepatitis C virus enhances incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Arase¹,

Suzuki²,

Suzuki³

et al. 2008

WJG

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AIM: To investigate the cumulative development incidence and predictive factors for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive patients. METHODS: We studied 6150 HCV infected patients who were between 40-70 years old (HCV-group). Another 2050 patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) were selected as control (HBV-group). The mean observation period was 8.0 ± 5.9 years in HCV-group and 6.3 ± 5.5 years in HBV-group. The primary goal is the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in both groups. The cumulative appearance rate of IPF and independent factors associated with the incidence rate of IPF were calculated using the KaplanMeier method and the Cox proportional hazard model. All of the studies were performed retrospectively by collecting and analyzing data from the patient records in our hospital. RESULTS: Fifteen patients in HCV-group developed IPF. On the other hand, none of the patients developed IPF in HBV-group. In HCV-group, the cumulative rates of IPF development were 0.3% at 10th year and 0.9% at 20th year. The IPF development rate in HCV-group was higher than that in HBV-group (P = 0.021). The IPF development rate in patients with HCV or HBV was high with statistical significance in the following cases:(1) patients ≥ 55 years (P < 0.001); (2) patients who had smoking index (package per day × year) of ≥ 20 (P = 0.002); (3) patients with liver cirrhosis (P = 0.042). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that age, smoking and liver cirrhosis enhance the development of IPF in HCV positive patients.

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“…Subsequently, the hypothesis was negated by IRVING et al [31] in their study in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis from the UK. However, we cannot rule out the possibility of HCV infection as a predisposing irritant to the lung.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumonitis during interferon and/or herbal drug therapy in patients with chronic active hepatitis

Ishizaki¹,

Sasaki²,

Ameshima³

et al. 1996

Eur Respir J

108

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P Pn ne eu um mo on ni it ti is s d du ur ri in ng g i in nt te er rf fe er ro on n a an nd d/ /o or r h he er rb ba al l d dr ru ug g t th he er ra ap py y i in n p pa at ti ie en nt ts s w wi it th h c ch hr ro on ni ic c a ac ct ti iv ve e h he ep pa at ti it ti is s ABSTRACT: We report four cases of acute pneumonitis due either to interferon, or a herbal drug, " "Sho-saiko-to" ", or both in combination, in patients with chronic active hepatitis, focusing on its pathogenesis and response to prednisolone therapy. These cases shared common clinical features: fever, dry cough, dyspnoea, hypoxaemia, diffuse infiltrates both on chest radiography and chest computed tomography, restrictive pulmonary functional impairment, and alveolitis on examination of transbronchial lung biopsy, all of which suggest acute interstitial pneumonia. Furthermore, lymphocytosis was observed in association with the dominant CD8+ T-cell subset in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. A lymphocyte stimulation test using peripheral blood was positive to interferon in one case and to Sho-saiko-to in another. All patients responded to oral prednisolone therapy. Peripheral soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels decreased in parallel with improvement in the clinical course. All patients were free of symptoms with a follow-up of 1-3 yrs.We conclude that interferon-and/or Sho-saiko-to-induced acute pneumonitis may be due to allergic-immunological mechanisms rather than toxicity, and that peripheral levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor appear to be good markers of disease activity.

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Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Cited by 104 publications

References 8 publications

The role of infection in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

The role of infection in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Hepatitis C virus enhances incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Pneumonitis during interferon and/or herbal drug therapy in patients with chronic active hepatitis

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