Idiopathic Muscular Hypertrophy of the Esophagus

A case report of cardia cancer complicated with idiopathic muscular hypertrophy of the oesophagus treated with thoracoscopic surgery

“…The oesophagography shows spasm, contraction and stenosis of the oesophagus. CT shows the thickened muscle layer and large nodules, firstly reported by Agostini et al .,[ 7 ] but large nodules were not found in the present case. The thickness was variable but always greater than normal.…”

Imaging of diffuse esophageal leiomyomatosis: two case reports and review of the literature

“…The clinical presentation and the results of various complementary investigations (thoracic radiograph, esogastroduodenal barium study, CT scan) may sometimes erroneously suggest a malignant tumoral process (leiomyosarcoma, adenocarcinoma, tracheobronchial tumor), particularly when the lesion extends into the fundus. Another possible diagnosis to be considered is idiopathic muscular hypertrophy of the esophagus [14,15]. This rare benign esophageal disorder corresponds histologically to hypertrophy of all the esophageal fibers and mainly of the muscular layers.…”

Progressive esophageal leiomyomatosis with respiratory compromise

“…Idiopathic muscular hypertrophy can appear similar to mild esophageal leiomyomatosis on radiographic studies. Patients with idiopathic muscular hypertrophy tend to be older than those with esophageal leiomyomatosis, with the average age at presentation reported in some studies to be as late as the 6th decade of life [10]. A maximum wall thickness of 15 mm has been reported and the cardia is rarely involved, further differentiating idiopathic muscular hypertrophy from esophageal leiomyomatosis [1,11].…”