Idiopathic infectious arthritis of the coxofemoral joint in a mature horse

Woodford, N. S.; Puzio, Jacek; Parker, Russell

doi:10.1111/eve.12527

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…Exercise may have a role in this mechanism by exacerbating local inflammation. Recent exercise has been described in previous reports of suspected haematogenous synovial sepsis , and 9/11 of horses in the present study were in training or pretraining. Intra‐articular haemorrhage from the synovium has been associated with exercise and could theoretically predispose to bacterial colonisation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…When the cause of synovial sepsis is unknown, there is reported to be a reduced likelihood of survival . These cases typically present without an obvious origin of bacteraemia, though a haematogenous route is often implicated . There is limited information characterising synovial sepsis of unknown origin in adult Thoroughbred racehorses, including the pathogenesis, treatment and prognosis for future racing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synovial sepsis of unknown origin in the adult Thoroughbred racehorse

Byrne¹,

Lumsden²,

Lang³

et al. 2019

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Background Synovial sepsis of unknown origin is a rare cause of lameness in the adult horse, and a haematogenous pathogenesis has been proposed in previous cases. Objectives To describe the features and outcome of synovial sepsis of unknown origin in adult Thoroughbred racehorses. Study design Retrospective case series. Methods Hospital records for admissions between 2005 and 2015 were reviewed to identify adult horses diagnosed with synovial sepsis of unknown origin. Presentation, clinicopathological, microbiological and diagnostic imaging findings were recorded. Treatment methods, surgical findings, complications and long‐term outcome were evaluated. Results Eleven cases were identified over the study period. Diagnosis was established from clinical examination and clinicopathologic findings, which were comparable to other aetiologies of synovial sepsis. Affected structures included synovial joints, tendon sheaths and bursae. Concurrent osteochondritis dissecans or articular cartilage lesions were evident during arthroscopic surgery in three cases. Significant intrasynovial haemorrhage was not identified. Microbial culture of synovial fluid or synovial biopsy was positive in 6/11 of cases, with all isolates being Gram‐positive cocci. Of the 6 positive microbial cultures, all isolates demonstrated in vitro sensitivity to a cephalosporin antimicrobial agent. A concurrent remote wound was present in a single case. No other potential origins of bacteraemia were identified. Treatment methods included endoscopic surgery, standing multineedle lavage, intravenous regional limb perfusion, intrasynovial medication and/or systemic antimicrobial administration. All horses survived to hospital discharge. For the 6/11 cases that raced following synovial sepsis, the median period for return to racing was 221 days. Main limitations A small study population, which was retrospectively reviewed. Conclusions Synovial sepsis of unknown origin is rare in the adult Thoroughbred racehorse and can affect a range of synovial structures. A concurrent potential source of bacteraemia is rarely identified. With appropriate management, the prognosis to return to racing is fair.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synovial sepsis of unknown origin in the adult Thoroughbred racehorse

Byrne¹,

Lumsden²,

Lang³

et al. 2019

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…There was no history of injury or synoviocentesis of the affected joint within 3 months prior to initial presentation. While septic arthritis in horses is most commonly a result of penetrating traumatic injuries or iatrogenic following intrasynovial injections, idiopathic synovial sepsis typically also involving one joint has recently been described 13 18 19. In a case series involving 11 horses, the diagnosis of synovial sepsis was based on an elevated nucleated cell count, total protein and a neutrophil differential percentage of ≥80%, whereas the culture of a causative organism was successful in only 6 patients 19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arthritis, panuveitis and hyperaesthesia associated with Borrelia afzelii infection in a warmblood gelding

Sommerauer

Blohm

Spergser

et al. 2019

Vet Record Case Reports

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A 13-year-old warmblood gelding presented with a history of lameness, muscle atrophy and weight loss of 3 months. The horse demonstrated extensive hyperaesthesia over the left dorsal trunk, marked effusion of several joints, laryngitis and a dampened mental attitude. Synovial fluid analysis revealed arthritis of the left tarsocrural joint, being PCR-positive for Borreliaafzelii DNA. Subsequently, mild anterior uveitis of the right and severe panuveitis of the left eye with B. afzelii PCR-positive aqueous and vitreous humour, respectively, were diagnosed. Treatment included arthroscopy of the left tarsocrural joint, oral doxycycline administration for 6 weeks, ophthalmic and systemic anti-inflammatory therapy and left intravitreal preservative-free gentamicin (4 mg) injection. After initial improvement, the gelding’s clinical signs deteriorated resulting in peracute recumbency and sudden death 12 months later. Lyme borreliosis should be considered as differential diagnosis in complex cases of equine lameness, particularly when accompanied by hyperaesthesia and bilateral uveitis.

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Idiopathic infectious arthritis of the coxofemoral joint in a mature horse

Cited by 2 publications

References 19 publications

Synovial sepsis of unknown origin in the adult Thoroughbred racehorse

Synovial sepsis of unknown origin in the adult Thoroughbred racehorse

Arthritis, panuveitis and hyperaesthesia associated with Borrelia afzelii infection in a warmblood gelding

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