Idiopathic central diabetes Insipidus

Grace, Mary; Balachandran, Venu; Preethy,; Menon, Sooraj

doi:10.4103/0019-5359.109269

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…[ 1 ] Polyuria (>50mL/kg), dilute urine (osmolality <300 mOsm/L), and increased thirst (water intake of up to 20 L/day) are characteristic of DI. [ 2 ] The kidneys pass large amounts of water irrespective of the body's hydration state. [ 3 ] Untreated DI can cause hypovolemia, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes insipidus: The other diabetes

Kalra¹,

Zargar²,

Jain³

et al. 2016

Indian J Endocr Metab

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Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a hereditary or acquired condition which disrupts normal life of persons with the condition; disruption is due to increased thirst and passing of large volumes of urine, even at night. A systematic search of literature for DI was carried out using the PubMed database for the purpose of this review. Central DI due to impaired secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP) could result from traumatic brain injury, surgery, or tumors whereas nephrogenic DI due to failure of the kidney to respond to AVP is usually inherited. The earliest treatment was posterior pituitary extracts containing vasopressin and oxytocin. The synthetic analog of vasopressin, desmopressin has several benefits over vasopressin. Desmopressin was initially available as intranasal preparation, but now the oral tablet and melt formulations have gained significance, with benefits such as ease of administration and stability at room temperature. Other molecules used for treatment include chlorpropamide, carbamazepine, thiazide diuretics, indapamide, clofibrate, indomethacin, and amiloride. However, desmopressin remains the most widely used drug for the treatment of DI. This review covers the physiology of water balance, causes of DI and various treatment modalities available, with a special focus on desmopressin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes insipidus: The other diabetes

Kalra¹,

Zargar²,

Jain³

et al. 2016

Indian J Endocr Metab

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show abstract

“…1 Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a form of polyuria-polydipsia syndrome and is characterized by hypotonic polyuria (excessive urination; more than 50 ml/kg body weight/24 hours) and polydipsia (excessive drinking; more than 3 L/day). 2,3 DI is a rare disease, with a prevalence of 1:25.000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Diabetes Insipidus in Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: A Case Report

Lestari

Rini

2023

Bioscmed

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Background: Diabetes insipidus (DI) is part of a group of hereditary or acquired polyuria and polydipsia diseases. Diabetes insipidus can be caused by central and nephrogenic disorders. This study aimed to describe the etiologies, clinical symptoms, and management of central diabetes insipidus in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Case presentation: A 4 years 4 months old boy came with excessive and frequent micturition since 9 months ago. The patient drinks 4-5 L per day and still feels thirsty. The patient had a history of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). During laboratory work-up, urine osmolarity decreased, and serum osmolarity and electrolyte were normal. The patient was diagnosed with central diabetes insipidus with Langerhans cell histiocytosis. The treatment given to the patient is desmopressin. Conclusion: Langerhans cell histiocytosis may affect any organs of the body. The long-term management of diabetes insipidus in Langerhans cell histiocytosis requires measurement to prevent dehydration and, at the same time to prevent water intoxication. The focus of management is based on the education of the patient about the importance of regulating their fluid intake according to the patient’s hydration status.

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“…1 Large volumes of urine excretion (polyuria), dilute urine, and increased thirst are characteristics of DI. 2 The disease process in DI can cause hypovolemia, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance. 3 Large volumes of urine excretion, dilute urine (osmolality <300 mOsm/L), and increased thirst (water intake of up to 20 L/day) are characteristics of DI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Large volumes of urine excretion, dilute urine (osmolality <300 mOsm/L), and increased thirst (water intake of up to 20 L/day) are characteristics of DI. 2 A urine volume defines polyuria >150 mL/kg/24 h at birth, >100 to 110 mL/kg/24 h up to the age of 2 years, and >40 to 50 mL/kg/24 h in older children and adults. 1 Central diabetes insipidus is the most common form of DI, occurring in both sexes equally and at any age with a prevalence of 1 in 25 000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Diabetes Insipidus in Children as a Diagnostic Challenge

Dyrka,

Dzialach,

Niedziela

et al. 2023

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

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Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is a disorder in the pediatric population resulting from antidiuretic hormone deficiency. The excessive production of dilute urine characterizes it and manifests with polyuria, nocturia, and polydipsia. The diagnostics of CDI is often challenging, especially concerning the underlying condition of the disease. This article highlights the diverse clinical presentation of children with CDI and diagnostic difficulties among patients with polyuria and polydipsia. The article also reviews the etiology, symptoms, diagnostic workup, and management of CDI. We present 4 pediatric patients (aged 3-13.5 years) diagnosed with CDI of different etiology: 1 due to septo-optic dysplasia/optic nerve hypoplasia and 3 due to acquired processes such as Langerhans cell histiocytosis and germ cell tumor in 2 patients. Central diabetes insipidus was the first manifestation of a tumor or granuloma in all presented patients with acquired pathology. The patients sometimes need long-term follow-up to establish the proper final diagnosis.

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Idiopathic central diabetes Insipidus

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

Diabetes insipidus: The other diabetes

Diabetes insipidus: The other diabetes

Central Diabetes Insipidus in Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: A Case Report

Central Diabetes Insipidus in Children as a Diagnostic Challenge

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