Idiopathic CD4 + T-lymphocytopenia in a child with disseminated cryptococcosis

Menon, Bina; Shuaib, Ibrahim Lutfi; Zamari, Meor; Haq, Jalaluddin Ashraful; Aiyar, S; Noh, Lokman Mohd

doi:10.1080/02724936.1998.11747925

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Reported cases have exhibited a variety of opportunistic infections, and include patients encompassing a wide range of ages and geographical distribution 5. Cryptococcal infections have had variable manifestations in patients with ICL; presentations of pulmonary involvement, meningitis, and invasive and disseminated infections have been noted 2,6,7. Although the literature is limited, and follow-up has generally been short, the prognosis for patients with ICL appears encouraging; most patients remain clinically stable, without the ongoing deterioration characteristic of HIV patients 5…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case of Pulmonary Cryptococcosis with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Idiopathic CD4+ T-Lymphocytopenia

et al. 2005

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Cryptococcus neoformans commonly causes opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients, especially in patients with AIDS. CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia in AIDS indicates an increased risk of opportunistic infection and a decline in immunological function. Idiopathic CD4 T-lymphocytopenia (ICL) is characterized by depletions in the CD4+ T-cell subsets, without evidence of HIV infection. Immunodeficiency can exist in the absence of laboratory evidence of HIV infection, and T-cell subsets should be evaluated in patients who present with unusual opportunistic infections. We report a case of pulmonary cryptococcosis and lung cancer in a patient with persistently low CD4+ cell counts, without evidence of HIV infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case of Pulmonary Cryptococcosis with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Idiopathic CD4+ T-Lymphocytopenia

et al. 2005

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“…Only English language papers were reviewed. We found 258 cases diagnosed with ICL in 143 published papers[134567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162636465666768697071727374757677787980818283848586878889909192939495969798…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Idiopathic CD4 Lymphocytopenia: Spectrum of opportunistic infections, malignancies, and autoimmune diseases

2013

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Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia (ICL) was first defined in 1992 by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as the repeated presence of a CD4+ T lymphocyte count of fewer than 300 cells per cubic millimeter or of less than 20% of total T cells with no evidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and no condition that might cause depressed CD4 counts. Most of our knowledge about ICL comes from scattered case reports. The aim of this study was to collect comprehensive data from the previously published cases to understand the characteristics of this rare condition. We searched the PubMed database and Science Direct for case reports since 1989 for Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia cases. We found 258 cases diagnosed with ICL in 143 published papers. We collected data about age, sex, pathogens, site of infections, CD4 count, CD8 count, CD4:CD8 ratio, presence of HIV risk factors, malignancies, autoimmune diseases and whether the patients survived or died. The mean age at diagnosis of first opportunistic infection (or ICL if no opportunistic infection reported) was 40.7 ± 19.2 years (standard deviation), with a range of 1 to 85. One-sixty (62%) patients were males, 91 (35.2%) were females, and 7 (2.7%) patients were not identified whether males or females. Risk factors for HIV were documented in 36 (13.9%) patients. The mean initial CD4 count was 142.6 ± 103.9/mm3 (standard deviation). The mean initial CD8 count was 295 ± 273.6/mm3 (standard deviation). The mean initial CD4:CD8 ratio was 0.6 ± 0.7 (standard deviation). The mean lowest CD4 count was 115.4 ± 87.1/mm3 (standard deviation). The majority of patients 226 (87.6%) had at least one infection. Cryptococcal infections were the most prevalent infections in ICL patients (26.6%), followed by mycobacterial infections (17%), candidal infections (16.2%), and VZV infections (13.1%). Malignancies were reported in 47 (18.1%) patients. Autoimmune diseases were reported in 37 (14.2%) patients.

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“…3), autoimmunity (4-6), and HPV-or EBV-related neoplasias (7,8) that in some cases can be fatal (9,10). Twenty-five years after the CDC defined ICL, its etiology remains elusive, and there is currently no efficacious treatment, other than the use of antibiotics for prophylaxis or treatment of opportunistic infections (11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humanized mouse models reveal an immunologic classification of idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia subtypes

et al. 2019

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Idiopathic CD4 + T-lymphocytopenia in a child with disseminated cryptococcosis

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

A Case of Pulmonary Cryptococcosis with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Idiopathic CD4+ T-Lymphocytopenia

A Case of Pulmonary Cryptococcosis with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Idiopathic CD4+ T-Lymphocytopenia

Idiopathic CD4 Lymphocytopenia: Spectrum of opportunistic infections, malignancies, and autoimmune diseases

Humanized mouse models reveal an immunologic classification of idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia subtypes

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