Idiopathic atrophie blanche: treatment with low-dose heparin

Livedoid vasculopathy: Clinical course and long‐term outcome in Asian patients with a review of the literature

“…Table 3 shows the articles from our review of the literature for studies that reported on anticoagulant treatment in LV patients (4 prospective studies, 2 retrospective studies, and 33 case reports) 2,5‐42 . From 39 studies, 219 patients with 139 (63.5%) females and 80 (36.5%) males were included.…”

Livedoid vasculopathy: Clinical course and long‐term outcome in Asian patients with a review of the literature

“…Table 3 shows the articles from our review of the literature for studies that reported on anticoagulant treatment in LV patients (4 prospective studies, 2 retrospective studies, and 33 case reports) 2,5‐42 . From 39 studies, 219 patients with 139 (63.5%) females and 80 (36.5%) males were included.…”

Livedoid vasculitis responding to PUVA therapy

“…The deposition of fibrinoid material in dermal vessels with secondary ischemic change of the overlying skin, elevated serum fibrinopeptide A levels, 12 high incidence of antiphospholipid antibodies, defective release of tissue plasminogen activator, 13 and increased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor in plasma 8 from patients with livedoid vasculitis support an underlying thrombo‐occlusive process. Clinical improvement obtained using fibrinolytics, 3 pentoxifylline, 5 anticoagulant, 6 and antithrombotic therapy also favors this pathogenetic mechanism. Specific histologic findings, such as thickened blood vessel walls, occasional deposition of immunoreactants and fibrin, and the possible association with immune‐mediated diseases, suggest a potential pathogenetic role of immunologic mechanisms 14,15 .…”

“…The current therapeutic approach to livedoid vasculitis is to use drugs that stimulate endogenous fibrinolytic activity, inhibit thrombus formation, or cause vasodilatation. Aspirin and dipyridamole, nicotinic acid, low‐dose heparin or warfarin, 6 dextran, 4 and pentoxifylline 5 have been used. Intravenous infusions of tissue plasminogen activator, which lyzes microvascular thrombi, restores circulation, and promotes wound healing, have been successfully used 8 .…”

A Ten-Year Retrospective Study on Livedo Vasculopathy in Asian Patients

“…Lee et al 26 similarly demonstrated that a combination of aspirin and pentoxifylline yielded better results compared to either drug alone. Other studies and reports have shown varied effectiveness of a range of medications including antithrombotic agents like pentoxifylline, 14 antiplatelets, 12,27 anticoagulants like warfarin and heparin, [28][29][30] corticosteroids, 31 anabolic steroids like danazol, 11 intravenous immunoglobulin 32 and newer agents such as rituximab 33 or even psoralen and ultraviolet A light (PUVA) therapy. 10 The treatment combination with best remission rates in our study comprised prednisolone, pentoxifylline and colchicine, 3 drugs with different mechanisms of action.…”

Livedoid vasculopathy: Clinical course and long‐term outcome in Asian patients with a review of the literature

“…Table 3 shows the articles from our review of the literature for studies that reported on anticoagulant treatment in LV patients (4 prospective studies, 2 retrospective studies, and 33 case reports) 2,5‐42 . From 39 studies, 219 patients with 139 (63.5%) females and 80 (36.5%) males were included.…”

Livedoid vasculitis responding to PUVA therapy

“…The deposition of fibrinoid material in dermal vessels with secondary ischemic change of the overlying skin, elevated serum fibrinopeptide A levels, 12 high incidence of antiphospholipid antibodies, defective release of tissue plasminogen activator, 13 and increased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor in plasma 8 from patients with livedoid vasculitis support an underlying thrombo‐occlusive process. Clinical improvement obtained using fibrinolytics, 3 pentoxifylline, 5 anticoagulant, 6 and antithrombotic therapy also favors this pathogenetic mechanism. Specific histologic findings, such as thickened blood vessel walls, occasional deposition of immunoreactants and fibrin, and the possible association with immune‐mediated diseases, suggest a potential pathogenetic role of immunologic mechanisms 14,15 .…”

“…The current therapeutic approach to livedoid vasculitis is to use drugs that stimulate endogenous fibrinolytic activity, inhibit thrombus formation, or cause vasodilatation. Aspirin and dipyridamole, nicotinic acid, low‐dose heparin or warfarin, 6 dextran, 4 and pentoxifylline 5 have been used. Intravenous infusions of tissue plasminogen activator, which lyzes microvascular thrombi, restores circulation, and promotes wound healing, have been successfully used 8 .…”

A Ten-Year Retrospective Study on Livedo Vasculopathy in Asian Patients

“…Lee et al 26 similarly demonstrated that a combination of aspirin and pentoxifylline yielded better results compared to either drug alone. Other studies and reports have shown varied effectiveness of a range of medications including antithrombotic agents like pentoxifylline, 14 antiplatelets, 12,27 anticoagulants like warfarin and heparin, [28][29][30] corticosteroids, 31 anabolic steroids like danazol, 11 intravenous immunoglobulin 32 and newer agents such as rituximab 33 or even psoralen and ultraviolet A light (PUVA) therapy. 10 The treatment combination with best remission rates in our study comprised prednisolone, pentoxifylline and colchicine, 3 drugs with different mechanisms of action.…”

Livedoid vasculopathy: Clinical course and long‐term outcome in Asian patients with a review of the literature

“…Table 3 shows the articles from our review of the literature for studies that reported on anticoagulant treatment in LV patients (4 prospective studies, 2 retrospective studies, and 33 case reports) 2,5‐42 . From 39 studies, 219 patients with 139 (63.5%) females and 80 (36.5%) males were included.…”

Livedoid vasculitis responding to PUVA therapy

“…The deposition of fibrinoid material in dermal vessels with secondary ischemic change of the overlying skin, elevated serum fibrinopeptide A levels, 12 high incidence of antiphospholipid antibodies, defective release of tissue plasminogen activator, 13 and increased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor in plasma 8 from patients with livedoid vasculitis support an underlying thrombo‐occlusive process. Clinical improvement obtained using fibrinolytics, 3 pentoxifylline, 5 anticoagulant, 6 and antithrombotic therapy also favors this pathogenetic mechanism. Specific histologic findings, such as thickened blood vessel walls, occasional deposition of immunoreactants and fibrin, and the possible association with immune‐mediated diseases, suggest a potential pathogenetic role of immunologic mechanisms 14,15 .…”

“…The current therapeutic approach to livedoid vasculitis is to use drugs that stimulate endogenous fibrinolytic activity, inhibit thrombus formation, or cause vasodilatation. Aspirin and dipyridamole, nicotinic acid, low‐dose heparin or warfarin, 6 dextran, 4 and pentoxifylline 5 have been used. Intravenous infusions of tissue plasminogen activator, which lyzes microvascular thrombi, restores circulation, and promotes wound healing, have been successfully used 8 .…”

A Ten-Year Retrospective Study on Livedo Vasculopathy in Asian Patients

“…Lee et al 26 similarly demonstrated that a combination of aspirin and pentoxifylline yielded better results compared to either drug alone. Other studies and reports have shown varied effectiveness of a range of medications including antithrombotic agents like pentoxifylline, 14 antiplatelets, 12,27 anticoagulants like warfarin and heparin, [28][29][30] corticosteroids, 31 anabolic steroids like danazol, 11 intravenous immunoglobulin 32 and newer agents such as rituximab 33 or even psoralen and ultraviolet A light (PUVA) therapy. 10 The treatment combination with best remission rates in our study comprised prednisolone, pentoxifylline and colchicine, 3 drugs with different mechanisms of action.…”